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İslam, insanların dünya ve ahiret mutluluğunu gerçekleştirme yönünde emir ve tavsiyeleri ihtiva eden, doğru yolu gösteren son dindir. Onun iki temel kaynağı Kur’an ve hadistir. Hadis, asr-ı saadetten beri nesilden nesile aktarılarak günümüze kadar değişik yollarla aktarılan Hz. Peygamber’in söz, fiil ve Kız çocuğu/kadın üzerine yazınlar, klasik müellefatta bir eserin belli bir kısmında yer alırken, oryantalist ve seküler müktesebatın etkisiyle modern yaşamda başlı başına çalışmaların konusu olmuştur. Zira batının modernleşme süreciyle başlayan din üzerindeki eleştirileri, İslam’ın birçok alanını kapsamış olsa da genel olarak insan haklarını, özelde “kadın” konusunu gündeme taşımıştır. Bu aşamaların ortaya çıkardığı entelektüel tıkanmanın kız çocuğu/kadına dair incelemelere yeni boyutlar kattığı izahtan varestedir. Fakat asimile ve sömürge düzeyine varmış bu uygulamalar beraberinde terminolojik karışıklığı da getirmiştir. Dolayısıyla kadın konusunu, tefsir veya tevil eksenli bile olsa, herhangi bir “izm”in izdüşümünden azade ve popülist söylemlerden uzak, lakin bir o kadar da apolojist tutumdan berî bir şekilde incelemek günümüzde neredeyse imkânsızlaşmıştır. Zikri geçen paradigmalara rağmen bu çalışmada cahiliye döneminde kadının bireysel, ekonomik, sosyal hakları ve İslam’ın gelişiyle bunlar üzerindeki değişiklikler incelenmektedir. Makalenin amacı, İslam’da kadına verilen değeri ölçmek, dahası cahiliye döneminin zulüm dünyasından hareketle İslam’ın kadına verdiği hakları o günün şartlarıyla karşılaştırarak ortaya koymak değildir. Araştırmanın çıkış noktası ve mecburen üzerinde durulması gereken bu mesele, asıl olmaktan ziyade Kur’ân’ın gerçekleştirdiği zihniyet inkılâbına dikkat çekmek içindir. İslam vahyi ile kız çocuğu/kadının durumundaki iyileşme o dönemde ve o dönemin koşullarına göre değil, her döneme aittir. Cahilî zihniyetin inkişafının bulunduğu her toplum ve dönemde İslam’ın kuralları, kız çocuğu/kadına fıtratına özel haklarını teslim edecektir. Bu hakların başında elbette temel hak olan yaşam hakkı, eğitim hakkı, aile kurabilme ve eşini tercih edebilme hakkı, mülkiyet hakkı ve mirastan pay alabilme hakkı sayılabilir. Bunların dışında lakin en önemli hak şüphesiz Allah’a iman edebilme ve kullukta hiçbir ayırımın bulunmamasıdır.
Islam is the last religion that contains orders and advice in the direction of the world and the world’s happiness. The two primary sources are the Qur’an and the Hadith. Hades, which has been transmitted from generation to generation from centuries to the present day in various ways. The word of the Prophet, the real and the writings on the girl/woman, is part of a work in the classical literature, while the influence of the orientalist and secular literature has been the subject of the work itself in modern life. Because the criticism of the West’s religion, which began with the modernization process, has covered many areas of Islam, but has brought human rights in general, especially the “woman” issue to the agenda. The intellectual blockade revealed these stages is derived from the explanation that new dimensions are added to the studies of the girl/woman. But these practices, which have reached the assimilation and colonial level, have also brought to them terminological confusion. Therefore, even if the subject of the woman is a thesis or a thesis axis, it has become almost impossible today to examine the subject of any “Islam” from the discretion of any “Islam” and from the populist speech, but from the apologist attitude. Despite the paradigms that have passed, this study examines the individual, economic, social rights of the woman during the period of ignorance and the changes on them with the advent of Islam. The purpose of the article is not to measure the value given to the woman in Islam, but to reveal the rights given to the woman by moving from the world of misconduct of the ignorance period by comparing with the conditions of that day. The point of the study and the question that must be focused on the obligatory is to draw attention to the mindfulness of the Qur’an that is performed rather than to be true. The Islamic Revelation and the healing in the state of the girl/woman belongs to that period and not according to the conditions of that period, but to every period. In every society and period in which the development of ignorant mindset is located, the rules of Islam will give the girl/woman their special rights to the fetus. These rights, of course, are the right to life, the right to education, the right to family and the right to choose the spouse, the right to property and the right to share in the inheritance. But the most important truth is that you can believe in Allah and there is no distinction in worship.
In classical written work, literature on women/girls takes place in a certain part of a writing, while in modern life, it becomes the main theme of studies on its own, with the effect of orientalist and secular acquis. This is because, although west's criticism of religion, which starts with the modernization process, involves several areas of Islam, in general it brings up the issue of human rights, in particular, the issue of “women”. It is self evident that the intellectual blockage, which is uncovered by these stages, adds new perspectives to the investigations about women/girls. However, these practices that reach the level of assimilation and exploitation, accompany a terminological confusion, too. Thus, it is nearly impossible to examine the issue of women, although hermeneutics or interpretation oriented, free from projection of any “...ism” and populist discourse, as well as safe fromapologetic conduct. Notwithstanding the above mentioned paradigms; in this paper, the individual, economical, social rights of women at the age of ignorance (jahiliyyah), and the changes on these with the revelation of Islam is investigated. The aim of this paper is not assessing the value of women in Islam, and moreover, not exhibiting the rights that are granted to women in Islam, comparing to the circumstances of those days, based on the world of cruelty at the age of ignorance. The starting point of the investigation and the issue to be emphasized compulsorily here is to draw attention to the mental revolution implemented by the Holy Qur'an, rather than being essential. The amelioration of the status of women/girls by the revelation of Islam is neither specific to that age nor pursuant tothe conditions of that age but all ages. Islamic laws remunerate for the rights of women/girls specific to their creation wherever and whenever the mental development of the age of ignorance takes place. The foremost among these rights is definitely the right to live which is fundamental, the right to education, the right to start a family, the right to choose spouse, the property right, the right to have share in heritage. However, apart from these is undoubtedly, being able to have faith in Allah and having no exception regarding worship.
Alan : İlahiyat
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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