Abstract:

Language performs the most complex communicative function of exchanging thoughts between people. At the same time, it is a self-sufficient, flexible, highly structured, internally self-organising, synergisic system consisting of sounds, words, and sentences. The purpose of the study is to compare words in two languages – Spanish and Ukrainian – at morphological and lexical levels. Using the method of empirical research, comparison, typological and taxonomic comparison, multy-paradigmal analysis, the Ukrainian and Spanish languages, which are far related, were compared. Non-related languages are also involved in the analysis, which allows identifying linguistic universals and establishing common features either for all languages or for individual groups of languages. When using multy-paradigmal analysis, it is necessary to consider the fact that the verbalisation of the concept by linguistic means and its symbolisation of national identity in the compared languages occurs in different ways due to the specific historical, cultural, and linguistic influence inherent in it, which each ethnic group receives. To eliminate linguistic and cultural barriers between speakers of different linguistic cultures, a multi-level analysis is necessary, in which the leading role belongs to the multy-paradigmal and comparative-typological study of linguistic units. There are a lot of languages in the world, the number of which varies according to the principles by which they are classified. Nevertheless, regardless of the accepted principles of classification, a number of languages exhibit some structural similarities, regardless of their genetic relationship, and vice versa, being closely related, languages can detect differences at any level.

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