Abstract:

The conception of race for the distinction of humans, becoming a biological tool and the distinction of human diversity with phenotypical characteristics such as skin color, cap, advance-back, down-up, master-slave, has led to the birth of an ideology called biological racism. The racial theories produced in scientific effort, especially after the 17th century, and the various philosophical interpretations of these theories have been significantly influential. These developments have, by the legitimacy of the scientific data provided in the historical process (not valid today), increased the practices of exclusion, self-sufficiency, hostility and destruction of people of the Western societies, which are modern, with different physical and cultural characteristics recalled. of humanity, 20. After the painful experiences he lived until the middle of the century, varied from slave trade to genocide, especially the developments in genetic science have revealed that a concept of race in the scientific sense cannot be used in the classification of humans. Especially after the 1970s, a new kind of racism has become a phenomenon where people are excluded and isolated by cultural differences, considered in the framework of "non-racial racism". The roots of this new racism are organically linked to biological racism and are its turning state. The subject of this study is the fundamental factors and changes in the concepts of this transformation, translated from old biological racism to new cultural racism in the historical process. As a method, comparative "historical sociological analysis" was adopted. The aim of the study is to analyze the transformation of historical periods according to the scientific, social, political and economic conditions, by lighting the ancient and new ideology of racism.

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Abstract:

The use of race concept as a biological tool for classification and the separation of human diversity with discourses such as primitive and civilized,down-superior, master-slave with its phenotypic characteristics caused the emergence of a ideology called biological racism. Especially, race theories produced in a scientific effort after the 17th century and various philosophical interpretations of these theories have been influential. These developments, however, increased the exclusion, marginalization, enmity and destruction practices of Western societies they apply for other societies with different physical and cultural characteristics through the legitimacy provided by scientific data that are not valid today. Until the middle of the 20th century, after the painful experiences of humanity that varied from slave trade to genocide, advances in genetic science have scientifically revealed that the concept of race cannot be used to classify people. Especially after the 1970s, a new type of racism in which people are excluded and alienated by cultural differences and evaluated within the framework of "racism without race” has become a phenomenon. The roots of this new type of racism are organically linked to biological racism and are capable of transforming with it. The focus of this study is the main factors of this transformation evolving from old biological racism to new cultural racism and historical changes in the content of these concepts. To do this, comparative "historical sociological analysis" was adopted. The aim of the study is to analyze the transformation of racism in line with the scientific, social, political and economic conditions of historical periods by shedding light on the ideology of racism from old and new.