Özet:

Soil is the most important part of the ecosystem due to its properties. The loss of the health of the soil means the loss of the health of the entire ecosystem. Heavy metals are the most important factor threatening soil health. Heavy metal pollution in the soil due to natural and artificial (industrial wastes and industry, polluted air, traffic, urbanization, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, uncontrolled agricultural activities) poses a threat especially in terms of permanent damage to living organisms. These damages occur when heavy metals reach and accumulate through the soil to plant and animal foods and from there to humans. For this reason, it is very important to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in the soil and to monitor them regularly, both in terms of plant and environmental health. For this reason, current heavy metal analysis techniques in soil were compiled in this study. Determination of heavy metal concentrations in soil is carried out by different techniques. At the beginning of these techniques are Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES), Inductively Coupled Plasma- Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Analysis methods are increasing rapidly with the developing technology and methods with high reliability, sensitivity, reproducibility and accuracy come to the fore. Knowing the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques will guide the research areas and subjects before heavy metal analysis in the soil.

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