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Bu çalışmanın amacı, modern devlet olgusunun belirmesi ekseninde yöneten-yönetilen kurgusunun dayandığı demokrasi anlayışındaki yurttaş tahayyülünün, en üst iktidar formunda “var edilmesi” sorununu Jean-Jacques Rousseau’nun teorik çizgisinde incelemeye tabi tutmaktır. İngiliz, Amerikan ve Fransız devrimleriyle görünür olan temsili demokrasilerde meşruiyet kıstası olarak egemenliğin sahibi halkın kendisini ilgilendiren siyasal süreçlerde karar verici pozisyonda olmayışı, temsili rejimlerin gerçekte “demokratik” olup olmadığına yönelik tartışmaları da beraberinde getirir. Demokratik devrimlerin ardından temsil ile demokrasinin eşanlı/eşzamanlı düşünülmesi ekseninde görünür olan paradoksal birliktelik, döngüsel olarak bir yüzüyle geçmişe diğer yüzüyle geleceğe bakan Roma tanrısı Janus’a benzetilebilir. Temsili demokrasi anlayışında meşruiyet zemininin, mevcuttaki halk adına soyut bir kurgu olan ulusal “bir”liğe dayanması ve bu dayanak noktasını temsil pratiği aracılığıyla inşa etmesi demokrasi ve temsil paradoksal birlikteliğini, “Modern Janus” kavramından hareketle analiz etmeyi mümkün hale getirir. Temsili demokrasinin yöneten-yönetilen ilişkisindeki kurgusu teorik düzlemde takip edildiğinde ise demokrasi ile temsil kavramları bağlamında analiz edilebilecek paradoksun nasıl ve hangi şartlarda ortaya çıktığını belirgin hale getirecektir. Bu haliyle temsili demokrasinin bir yüzüyle bireyi özneleştiren diğer yüzüyle de nesneleştiren “Modern Janus” olduğu iddiasıyla çalışmada, Rousseau’nun Toplum Sözleşmesi ekseninde, temsil ve demokrasi olgularının paradoksal birlikteliği analiz edilecektir.
The aim of this study is to submit the problem of the "existence" of citizen imagination in the democracy, which is based on the dominated-managed phenomenon in the explanation axis of the modern state phenomenon, to the theoretical line of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In the representative democracies, which are apparent with the British, American and French revolutions, the lack of dominant people in a decisive position in the political processes that concern themselves, as well as the debate about whether the representative regimes are indeed “democratic.” The paradoxal unity, which appears in the axis of representation after democratic revolutions and the parallel/equivalent thought of democracy, can circularly be compared to the Roman god Janus, who looks to the future with one face to the past with the other. In the concept of representative democracy, the ground of legitimacy is based on the national "unity" which is an abstract phenomenon in the name of the present people, and the construction of this foundation through the practice of representation makes it possible to analyze the paradoxal unity of democracy and representation by movement from the concept of "Modern Janus". When the fiction of representative democracy in the governed-managed relationship is followed on the theoretical level, it will make clear how and under what conditions the paradox that can be analyzed in the context of democracy and representative concepts arises. In the study with the claims that representative democracy is the "Modern Janus" which objectivizes the individual with the other side, Rousseau's Social Convention will analyze the paradoxical unity of representative and democratic facts.
This study aims to examine the problem of “creating” citizen envisagement within a democracy. Its reference point for this is based on the ruler-governed construct within the framework of the occurrence of modern State phenomena in the utmost rulership form as considered through the theoretical perspective of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The fact that the people who are the sovereign force with regards to the policies they are engaged in are not in a position of decision-making, which is a benchmark of constitutionalism in representative democracy and thus brings about the controversy as to whether or not these representative regimes are legitimately democratic. After the English, American and French Revolutions, the paradoxical co-occurrence of representation and democracy, which can be seen when they are considered simultaneously, can be seen to resemble the Roman God Janus with its cynically retro- and forward-looking faces. It is possible to analyze the paradoxical co-occurrence of representation and democracy with reference to the notion of a “Modern Janus” because the ground of legitimacy in the conception of representative democracy is not only based on an abstract fiction of national unity for the presently existing public, but also because this base is constructed through the practice of representation. When the fiction of representative democracy in the relationship between the ruler and ruled is traced theoretically, it becomes apparent how and under which conditions the occurrence of the paradox to be analyzed in the context of the notions of democracy and representation emerges. The paradoxical association of representation and democracy will be analyzed in reference to Rousseau’s Social Contract through the suggestion that such representative democracy is a Modern Janus, which on the one hand regards individuals as a subject while also objectifying them on the other hand.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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