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ÖZET Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda, tarihin en eski devirlerinden beri var olan casusluk ve casusluk tekniklerinin en güzel örneklerini görmekteyiz. Savaş boyunca savaşın her iki tarafında yer alan devletler silah gücünün yanı sıra cephe gerisinin güvenliğini sağlamak ve karşı taraftaki düşman kuvvetler hakkında etkin bir şekilde istihbarat bilgilerine ulaşmak için yoğun bir casusluk faaliyeti sürdürmüşlerdir. Savaşın ilerleyen dönemlerinde özellikle de 1916 yılına gelindiğinde, her iki taraf için Avrupa Cephesi ayrı bir önem kazanmıştır. Savaş alanı Avrupa’ya yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu kapsamda Rusların da, casusluk teşkilatları vasıtasıyla Almanya, Avusturya- Macaristan ve Osmanlı Devleti’ne ve Bulgaristan’a karşı Casuslar elde ettikleri bilgilerle savaşın akışını değiştirmek için yoğun bir casusluk faaliyeti içinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bulgaristan’da Rusya hesabına casusluk yapan bir takım kişilerin yakalanıp, yargılanmalarının başlanması ile Rus Casus teşkilatı ile ilgili önemli bilgilere ulaşılmıştır. Casusluk yapan bu kişilerin Bulgaristan’ın Rus taraftarları partilerine üye oldukları gibi içlerinde tanınmış kişilerin de yer aldığı görülmektedir. Sofya’da yapılmaya başlayan bu yargılama büyük ilgi ile takip edilmiştir. Casuslukla suçlanan bu kişiler yaptıklarını tamamıyla inkâr etmemişler fakat casusluğun Bulgaristan aleyhine değil, Türkiye aleyhine yapıldığını savunmuşlardır. Gerçekten de yargılamanın gidişatından anlaşıldığına göre, casusluğun önce Osmanlı Devleti aleyhinde olmak üzere başladığı, sonra Bulgaristan aleyhine de devam ettiği görülmektedir. Tebliğ konusu makalede; Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Rusya’nın Osmanlı Devleti ve Bulgaristan aleyhine casusluk suçlamasıyla 2 Mart 1916 tarihinde başlayan yargılamalar hakkında Tanin Gazetesi’nde yayımlanmış olan haberler değerlendirilecektir. ABSTRACT We see the best examples of spying and spying techniques which have existed since the oldest ages of history in the first world war. The states which have taken part in both parts of the war during war have continued an extensive spying activity in order to provide armament besides the security of hinterland and to reach the intelligence information about the per contra enemy forces in an effective way. Europe front has gained a special importance for both sides in the passing periods of time especially in 1916.Theater of war has concentrated on war. In this context it has been determined that the Russians have also been in an intensive spying activity to change the direction of war with the information they have got from spies against Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria through their spying organizations. Important information about Russian spying organization has been reached with the capturing and trying of some people who have acted as spies on behalf of Russians in Bulgaria. It is seen that these people who have acted as spies have both been members of Bulgarıa’s pro Russian parties and there are well known people among them. This trial which has been started in sofia has been followed with great interest. These people who have been blamed with spying have not completely denied what they have done but they have defended themselves by stating that it has been spied on against Turkey not against Bulgaria. According to what has been understood from the conduct of the trial It has been seen that the spying has first started against Ottoman empire but later it has also continued against Bulgaria. In the article which is the subject of the paper news which has been issued in Tanin newspaper about the trials which started on 2nd of March 1996 will be evaluated. In these trials some people who are members of Russian spying organization in the first world have been accused with ‘spying they have done against Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria’. Anahtar Kelimeler: Birinci Dünya Savaşı, Rusya, Osmanlı Devleti, Bulgaristan, Casusluk, Rus Casus Teşkilatı, Casus Yargılaması Key words: World War One (WWI), Russia, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria, Spying, Russian spy Organization, Spy Trial
In the First World War, we see the best examples of spy and spy techniques that have existed since the oldest periods of history. During the war, the states on both sides of the war continued an intense spy operation to ensure the security of the armed forces and the back of the front and to effectively reach intelligence information about the enemy forces on the opposite side. In the advanced periods of the war, especially in 1916, the European Front gained a separate importance for both sides. The area of war is concentrated on Europe. In this context, it has also been found that the Russians are in an intense spy activity to change the course of war with the information they obtained against Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman State and Bulgaria through spy agencies. In Bulgaria, a group of people who spy on the Russian account have been arrested and their trials have begun with important information about the Russian spy agency. These spy people appear to be a member of the Bulgarian Russian supporters’ parties as well as well-known people. The trial that began in Sofia was followed with great interest. These people accused of spy did not completely deny what they did, but they claimed that the spy was done not against Bulgaria, but against Turkey. In fact, as it is clear from the course of the trial, it appears that the spy first began against the Ottoman State and then continued against Bulgaria. In this article, the news published in the Tanin Gazette about the trials that began on 2 March 1916 with the accusation of spy against the Ottoman State of Russia and Bulgaria during the First World War will be assessed. We see the best examples of spying and spying techniques that have existed since the oldest ages of history in the First World War. The states that have taken part in both parts of the war during the war have continued an extensive spying activity in order to provide weapons besides the security of the backland and to reach the intelligence information about the per contra enemy forces in an effective way. Europe front has gained a special importance for both sides in the passing periods of time especially in 1916.Theater of war has concentrated on war. In this context it has been determined that the Russians have also been in an intense spying activity to change the direction of war with the information they have received from spies against Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria through their spying organizations. Important information about the Russian spying organization has been reached with the capturing and trying of some people who have acted as spies on behalf of Russians in Bulgaria. It is seen that these people who have acted as spies have both been members of Bulgarian pro-Russian parties and there are well-known people among them. This trial which has been started in Sofia has been followed with great interest. These people who have been accused of spying have not completely denied what they have done but they have defended themselves by stating that it has been spied on against Turkey not against Bulgaria. According to what has been understood from the conduct of the trial It has been seen that the spying has first started against the Ottoman Empire but later it has also continued against Bulgaria. In the article which is the subject of the paper news which has been issued in the Tanin newspaper about the trials that started on 2nd of March 1996 will be evaluated. In these trials some people who are members of the Russian spying organization in the first world have been accused of 'spying they have done against the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria'. Keywords: First World War, Russia, Ottoman State, Bulgaria, Spy, Russian Spy Organization, Spy Judgment Key words: World War One (WWI), Russia, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria, Spying, Russian Spy Organization, Spy Trial
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Hukuk; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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