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Bitlis Efsanelerinde Su Kültünün Yansımaları
2020
Journal:  
Journal of History and Future
Author:  
Abstract:

Doğanın dört temel unsurundan biri olan su, canlı yaşamının devam etmesi için oldukça önemlidir. Yaşamın her alanında ihtiyaç duyulması ve ölümsüzlüğü simgelemesi unsurun farklı inançlarda, kültürlerde ve dinlerde sıklıkla işlenmesini olağan hale getirmiştir. Özellikle eski Türk halklarının inancı olan Şamanizm, doğada bulunan her şeyin bir ruhu olduğuna söylemektedir. Şamanizm’de ruh taşıdığına inanılan ve saygı duyulması gereken başat unsur ise sudur. Suya gösterilen bu saygı geçmişten günümüze kadar gelinen süreç içerisinde halk anlatmalarına farklı şekillerde yansımıştır. Sözlü kültürün varlığını canlı bir şekilde devam ettirdiği yerlerden olan Bitlis ve ilçelerinde derlenen efsanelere bakıldığında çeşitli kültlerin yansıması olarak değerlendirilebilecek durumlar karşımıza çıkmaktır. Yörenin coğrafi şartlardan ötürü zengin su kaynaklarına sahip olması unsurla alakalı inanışların ve efsanelerin ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Efsanelerin içerisinde bulunan su kültünün yansımaları doğanın korunmasını için insanlara mitik çağrılarda bulunmaktadır. Bölgede suların merkezinde olduğu anlatılarla aslında yaşamın olağan dengesi korunmaya çalışılmaktadır. Çünkü yaşamın kaynağı olarak görülen suya zarar veren kişileri efsane içerisinde verilen olağanüstü cezalarla toplumsal vicdanda cezalandırılmaktadır. Böylelikle mitik düşünce gizil şekilde uyarılarda bulunarak doğanın korunması ve saygı gösterilmesini insanlara sezdirmektedir. Bu bağlamda yöre efsanelerin yapısındaki su kültü yansımaları belirlenerek tür içinde gizlenen kodlar okunmaya ve toplumsal yarara sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Keywords:

The Reflections of Water Culture in Bitlis Legends
2020
Author:  
Abstract:

Water, one of the four basic elements of nature, is very important for the continuation of living life. The necessity and symbolization of immortality in all areas of life have made it normal to be often processed in different beliefs, cultures and religions. Shamanism, especially the belief of ancient Turkish peoples, says that everything in nature is a spirit. The primary element that is believed to be a spirit and to be respected in Shamanism is water. This respect shown to the water has reflected in different ways in the process from the past to the present. When we look at the legends compiled in Bitlis and its districts, which are the places where the oral culture continues to exist in a living way, the situations that can be considered as a reflection of various cults are faced with us. The fact that the site has rich water resources due to the geographical conditions has made it possible for the element related beliefs and legends to emerge. The reflection of the water cult in the legends is in mythical calls to people to protect nature. With the stories that are in the center of the waters in the area, it is actually trying to preserve the normal balance of life. For those who hurt the water as the source of life are punished in social conscience by the extraordinary punishments given in the legend. Thus mythical thought secretly warns people to be protected and respected by nature. In this context, the water culture reflections in the structure of local legends were determined and the codes hidden in the species were tried to be read and presented to social benefit.

Keywords:

Reflections Of The Water Cult In The Legends Of Bitlis
2020
Author:  
Abstract:

Water, which is one of the four basic elements of nature, is very important for the survival of life. The need for all areas of life and symbolizing immortality made it common for the element to be frequently processed in different beliefs, cultures and religions. Shamanism, especially the belief of the old Turkish peoples, says that everything in nature has a soul. The main element that is believed to have a soul in shamanism and that must be respected is water. This respect for water has been reflected in different ways in public narratives in the process from past to present. When we look at the legends compiled in Bitlis and its districts, where the verbal culture continues to exist live, we encounter situations that can be considered as the reflection of various cults. The region’s rich water resources due to geographical conditions led to the emergence of beliefs and legends about the element. The reflections of the water cult in the legends call mythical people to protect nature. With the narratives that are in the center of the waters in the region, the usual balance of life is tried to be preserved. Because the people who harm the water, which is seen as the source of life, are punished in social conscience with extraordinary punishments given in the legend. Thus, mythical thought makes secret warnings and makes people feel that the protection and respect of nature are respected. In this context, water cult reflections in the structure of local legends were determined and the codes hidden in the species were tried to be read and presented to the social good.

Keywords:

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Journal of History and Future

Field :   Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler

Journal Type :   Uluslararası

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Journal of History and Future