Özet:

Abstract The Hittites, who were a political authority in the Anatolian II. millennium BC, not only changed the course of history, but also left deep traces in the history and culture of ancient Anatolia, Mesopotamia and Egypt. As in other ancient societies, religion was at the center of life in the Hittites, and it was the determining and shaping element of many issues from politics to economy, from daily life to relations with other nations. When they came to Anatolian lands, they added the gods of the local Anatolian peoples and the gods of the places they later conquered to the gods they brought with them, and as a result, they had a wide pantheon of gods, feasts and rituals. Since they think of the gods as human-shaped in their mental world, they assume that they have needs just like humans, and they take it upon themselves to serve the gods, make up for their deficiencies and entertain them. The Hittites thought that as long as the slave served his master and received security, shelter and food in return, they would be rewarded with peace, abundance, fertility, health and victory as long as they served the gods and kept them pleasant. In the opposite case; performing acts prohibited by the gods, such as a wrong or defect in the service that should be rendered to the gods, such as ill-treatment in case the slave does wrong or delays the work, not performing the feasts on time, not being well-fed or clean, not paying attention to cleanliness, will of course bring along various punishments. In line with this belief, the gods came to their minds in all kinds of negativity that the Hittites experienced, and they did not think that there could be any other reason. So just as health, wellness and longevity are a blessing from the gods; Physical and mental illnesses are also deserved punishments. What needs to be done at this point is what was done wrong, and which god was angry with it. At this point, what needs to be done is to make various prophecies and make fortune-tellings by applying to the gods in order to determine what has been done wrong, which god is angry and what can calm the god. After the necessary determinations are made, in order to return to the old healthy days, prayers should be offered to the gods, sacrifices should be made, and mercy and forgiveness should be asked. In this study, which was prepared to reveal that diseases were perceived as a method of divine punishment in the Hittite Empire, cuneiform text translations were used. In this respect, firstly, the prophecy texts related to the subject were evaluated, then the prayer and ritual texts were examined, and the relevant parts of the texts were shared with the reader. As a result, the accuracy of the idea put forward has been determined from the examined texts and it has been clearly understood from the mentioned texts that they hold the gods responsible for the individual and social diseases that people suffer from

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