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The paper considers the issues of organization of the activities of institutions of social care for children and youth in 19th and early 20th century, where the orphanages took a special place. The value of the state, public organizations, charitable organizations and private initiatives in matters concerning problems of child neglect, abandonment and crime, and also in finding solutions of particular assistance to the needy were identified based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, encyclopedic materials, archival documents. The historical, theoretical and practical experience of organization of orphanages for children and youth which can promote the creative use of the achievements of the past in modern conditions in particular in solving the problems of child homelessness, vagrancy, neglect and protection of children from the negative influence of the street, preventing the commission of immoral acts was introduced in the article Author Biography Vladimir Fomin, Kharkiv National Pedagogical University named after G.S. Skovorody Alchevskikh str., 29, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61166 PhD, Associate Professor Department of Theory and Methodology of Artistic Education and conductor-choral teacher training

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