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Aile, kadın ve erkeğin evlenmesi sonucunda oluşan en temel toplumsal birimdir. Bir toplumu anlamak için o toplumun geçmişten günümüze aile kurumunun ve özelliklerinin bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Çünkü aile, toplumların inançlarını, gelenek ve göreneklerini, değer yargılarını, kültürel birikimlerini koruyup gelecek nesillere aktaran temel yapıdır. Bu yüzden bu araştırmada Osmanlı Devleti'nin sosyal yapısını anlamak için Osmanlı ailesinin teşekkülü ve dağılması incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla tarihsel süreçte imparatorluklara başkentlik yapmış, Osmanlının da önemli yerleşim merkezlerinden biri olan Trabzon Eyaleti mekan olarak 1654-1655 (H. 1064–1065) yılları da zaman olarak seçilerek incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada XVII. yüzyıl ortalarında genelde Osmanlı özelde de Trabzon'da aile birliğinin kurulması ve devamının sağlanmasında nişan, nikah akitleri ve mihr kayıtları yorumlanırken, aile birliğinin dağılmasında ise boşanma kayıtları, nafaka tespiti ve vasi tayini kayıtlarına bakılmıştır. Osmanlıda aile birliğinin kurulmasında nikah akitlerinin resmiliği, kadının haklarının korunup korunmadığı, farklı inanç grupları arasında evlilik akdinin olup olmadığı durumları araştırılmıştır. Aile birliğinin dağılmasında ise kadının boşamada söz sahibi olup olmadığı, dağılan aile birliği sonrasında kadınların ve çocukların ekonomik olarak desteklenip desteklenmediği durumlar çalışmaya konu edilmiştir. Çalışmada Osmanlı mahkeme kayıtlarını içeren şer’iyye sicillerinden yararlanılarak 1834 numaralı Trabzon şer'iyye sicili incelenmiştir. Bu sicilde bulunan toplam 687 belge türünün 290'ının aileyi ilgilendiren konular olduğu görülmüş ve bu belgeler doğrultusunda XVII. yüzyıl ortalarında Osmanlı aile yapısı açıklanmıştır.
The family is the most basic social unit formed as a result of the marriage of a woman and a man. To understand a society, it is necessary to know the family institution and characteristics of that society from the past to the present. Because the family is the basic structure that preserves the beliefs, traditions and customs of communities, the judgments of values, the cultural accumulations and transmits them to future generations. Therefore, in this study, the dissolution and dissolution of the Ottoman family was studied to understand the social structure of the Ottoman State. For this purpose, the city of Trabzon, which was the capital of the empires in the historic process, and one of the major settlements of the Ottoman, was considered as a place in 1654-1655 (H. 1064-1065) years. in the XVII. In the middle of the century, usually Ottoman in particular in Trabzon in the establishment and continuation of the family union were interpreted the registrations of the marriage, marriage acts and mikhr, while in the dissolution of the family union were viewed the registrations of divorce, the detection of the food and the registrations of the vasi determination. In the establishment of the family union in Ottoman, the formality of marriage acts, the cases where the rights of the woman are protected or not, the existence of marriage acts between different groups of beliefs has been investigated. In the dissolution of the family union, the question was whether the woman was promised in the divorce, and whether after the dissolution of the family union women and children were financed or not. In the study, the registration of the 1834 Trabzon Sheriff was examined using the registration of the Sheriff, which contains the Ottoman court records. The total of 687 types of documents in this register found that 290 of them were family-related subjects, and according to these documents XVII. In the middle of the century, the Ottoman family structure was revealed.
Family is the most basic social union that occurs as a result of getting married a man and a woman. And to understand a society, that society’s family institution must be known from past to present because family is the main structure preserves communities beliefs traditions and austoms, cultural values and transfers them to future generations. İn this study, in the middle of 17th century, generaly in Ottoman Empire, privately in Trabzon province, engagement, marriage contracts and bride wealth were interpreted in the establishment of family union and ensuring the continuation. Divorcoment records, determiniation, of alimony and appointment of guardianship records in the dissolution of family union were examined. In the establishment of family union in Ottoman Empire, whether or not marriage contracts were formal, women's rights were protected, between different belief groups had mariage contracts were researched. In the case of dissolution of the family union whether or not women had a say in divorcement; at the end of dissolution of the family union, women and children were supported financially had treated in the study. In the study, Trabzon court register with the number 1834 were utilised in the light of court record the court records containing the Ottoman court registers. It has been seen that 290 of the total 687 documents in the mentioned register contain subjects related to the family and according to these documents,Ottoman family structure in the middle of 17th century was explained.
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