Özet:

Following the Turkish-German alliance on August 2, 1914, although Germany supported the Pan-Turan activities led by Enver Pasha, Enver Pasha’s activities also in Caucasia covering Baku oils conflicted with German interests, and Germany tried to prevent Enver Pasha’s activities in cooperation with Bolshevik Russia and Georgia. During the period of World War II, Hitler Germany considered the Turkish-German Friendship Treaty signed on June 18, 1941 as an opportunity to plunge Turkey into the war on Germany’s side against their sworn enemy, Russia. While Turkish Government preferred to maintain a balance policy by refusing to enter this war, leading Pan-Turanists in Turkey such as Enver Pasha’s brother Nuri Pasha and General Hüsnü Emir Erkilet considered this friendship treaty and Germany’s military clash with the Soviets as an opportunity to realize their Pan-Turanist ideals. Since the conception of Pan-turanism in Nuri Pasha’s conversations with German authorities thanks to support by German Ambassador Franz von Papen did comply with interests of both Germany during the reign of Willhelm II. in 1918 and in Hitler’s Germany, because Hitler did not intend to change policy that would evoke Turkish Government against Russians, these negotiations remained inconclusive. However, Germany continued to use Turkist policies in accordance with their interests independent from Turkish Government and Pan-Turanists in Turkey, while making use of Turkish origin immigrants as consultants on the one hand and establishing legions from Turkish origin soldiers taken prisoner from the Soviet army.

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