Özet:

Samples of dead bees, live bees and brood from 220 bee colonies of the South of Tyumen Region, 39-Leningrad, 30-Omsk, 2-Chelyabinsk and 14 colonies of Crimea were studied. Studies have shown that all the apiaries under study were affected by varroatosis, and 52.7%-by nosematosis. In the identification process of the pathogen of nosematosis, mainly N. ceranae microsporidia was found (29.3%), N. apis was registered in only one sample from Leningrad Region (0.33%), mixed infection (N. ceranae+N. apis) was found in bees from Leningrad, Omsk and Tyumen Regions (2.6%). The fact that in Tyumen Region, V. destructor mites are found in samples from all districts which is 21.8% of the samples studied, has been established. However, 40% of the examined apiaries had a high level of (8.3-34.5%) infested bee colonies, resulting in the death of bees in autumn-winter period. The pathogen of nosematosis-N. ceranae was found in bee samples from apiaries of 6 districts, which is 23.6% of the 220 samples studied. The degree of damage to bee colonies ranged from 0.15 to 105 million spores. In Isetsky, Nizhnetavdinsky and Tyumensky Districts, both pathogens of nosematosis (N. apis and N. ceranae)were found, which corresponded to 8% of the samples studies. N. apis microsporidia, as the only pathogen of nosematosis, was not found on any of the apiaries examined, which indicates that the new pathogen of N. ceranae prevails in its spread among honey bees. Studies of bee samples obtained from apiaries of Leningrad, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen Regions and Crimea made it possible to identify the infestation of bee colonies with Varroa destructor mites and Nosema apis, Nosema ceranae microsporidia. The fact that the pathogen of nosematosis Nosema ceranae is more widespread than Nosema apis has been established. Studies made in different regions of Russia are the basis for the development of a monitoring system of bee diseases in Tyumen Region. First of all, such studies should be made in districts where there is a large number of bee colonies. Keywords: Bee colonies; infestations; infections; spread; Tyumen Region; Russia References: Chen, Y. P., Evans, J. D., Smith, I. B., & Pettis, J. S. (2008). Nosema ceranae is a long-present and wide-spread microsporidian infection of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) in the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 97, 186-188.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2007.07.010 Fedoriak, M. M., Tymochko, L. I., Kulmanov, O. M., Volkov, R. A., & Rudenko, S. S. (2017). Winter losses of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) coloniesin Ukraine (monitoring results of 2015-2016). Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 7(4), 604–613.  doi: 10.15421/2017_167 (in Ukrainian). Fries, I. (2010). Nosema ceranae in European honey bees (Apis mellifera). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 103, 73-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2009.06.017 Galatyuk, A., Kisternaya, A., & Musienko, A. (2014). The assessment of epizootic honeybees North-East of Ukraine. Scientific messenger of LNU of veterinary medicine and biotechnologies, 3(60), 79-85 (in Urrainian). Goblirsch, M. (2018). Nosema ceranae disease of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Apidologie, 1(49), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-017-0535-1 Higes, ??, Martin-Hernandez, R., & Meana, A. (2010). Nosema ceranae in Europe: an emergent type C nosemosis. Apidologie, 41(3), 375–392, https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2010019 Ilyina, E. K., & Aladdina, O. I. (2014). Epizootology of honey bee diseases on the territory of Orenburg region. Proceedings of the Orenburg State University, 4(48), 183-185 (in Russian). Maslennikova, V. I., Klimov, E. A., Korolev, A. V., Kokaeva, Z. G., Gareev, R. R., & Lunkova, A. A. (2017). Evalution of the influence of viral and mite prevalence on bee mortality. Beekeeping, 5, 28-30 (in Russian). Ostroverkhova, N. V., Golubeva, E. P., Badmazhapova, E. A., Kucher, A. N., Konusova, O. L., & Pogorelov Y. L. (2018). Nosematosis type C in Siberia: retrospective analysis. Beekeeping, 1,26-28 (in Russian). Natsopoulou, M. E., Doublet, V., & Paxton, R. J. (2016). European isolates of the Microsporidia Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae have similar virulence in laboratory tests on European worker honey bees. Apidologi?, 47, 57–65, doi: 10/1007/s13592-015-0375-9 Toplak, I., Ciglenecki, U. J., Aronstein, K., & Gregorc, A. (2013). Chronic bee paralysis virus and Nosema ceranae experimental co-infection of winter honey bee workers (Apis mellifera L.). Viruses, 5, 2282-2297, doi:10.3390/v5092282 Zinatullina, Z. Y., Zhigileva, O. N., & Tokarev, Y. S.(2011). Methodical instructions for the differential diagnosis of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Proc. Scientific. Tr. VNIIVEA, Tyumen, 51, 286-300 (in Russian). Zinatullina, Z. Ya. (2016). Pathogens nosema honey bees on apiaries of the Tyumen region. Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Arachnology and Entomology, 53, 124-128 (in Russian). Zinatullina, Z. Ya., Domatskaya, T. F., & Domatsky, A. N. (2017). Infection diseases of bees on apiaries of the Tyumen region. Beekeeping, 8, 20-22 (in Russian). Zinatullina, Z. Ya, Dolnikova, T. Y., Domatskaya, T. F., & Domatsky, A. N. (2018). Monitoring diseases of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Russia. Ukranian journal of ecology, 8(3), 106-112.  

Anahtar Kelimeler: