Abstract:

The history of trade goes back to primitive times, where barter was the norm. With the drawing of political borders, economic borders were also established, and states levied customs duties on commercial activities. The industrial revolution brought rapid changes to customs, causing destructive results in societies that were slow to industrialize. One of the main reasons for the economic disorder leading to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire was industrialization and the destruction of customs. Industrialized states wanted to abolish or reduce customs duties, which disrupted the economic systems of countries like the Ottoman Empire that were lagging behind in industrialization. The founders of the new Turkish state attempted to abolish destructive customs practices, but the customs duties inherited from the Ottoman Empire could not be changed for five years. This had a negative impact on the economy of the Republican period. The Republic of Turkey was able to make desired customs arrangements from 1928 onwards, but the global economic depression after this date negatively affected Turkish customs. The study focuses on the years 1908-1938.

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