Abstract:

This article reviews Chinese, Indian, Latin American, European and the contemporary thinking on peace. Active non–violence was developed in India since the 1930s, practised in the United States during the 1960s (civil rights movement, Martin Luther King Junior 1998) and developed further in the struggle for independence in South Africa. It produced new inputs for feminist and social movements, thus encouraging bottom–upalternatives for a post-modern world where nonviolent practices, peace-building, gender equity, and sustainable development including grass-root movements, women, indigenous, poor, umemployed and other marginal groups enhance a diverse and decentralized future

Keywords: