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Üreticinin sorumluluğu, üreticinin piyasaya sürdüğü hatalı (uygun olmayan) ürün nedeniyle ortaya çıkan zararlardan tazminat sorumluluğunu ifade eder. Türk hukukunda üreticinin sorumluluğu, 12 Mart 2020 tarihinde Resmi Gazete’de yayımlanan 7223 sayılı Ürün Güvenliği ve Teknik Düzenlemeler Kanunu’nda (ÜGTDK) düzenlenmiştir. Kanun’da ürün sorumluluğu, üç temel hüküm üzerine inşa edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, ÜGTDK m 6’da ürün sorumluluğu tazminatı, m 11’de ürünün tedarik zincirinde yer alan, örneğin toptancı, bayi, perakendeci gibi dağıtıcıların ikincil sorumluluğu ve m 21’de sorumluluktan kurtulma sebepleri yer almaktadır. ÜGTDK’daki sorumluluk sistemi çerçevesinde, hatalı ürün nedeniyle kişivarlığı ya da malları zarar gören herkes, sorumluluğu kusura bağlı olmayan üreticiden tazminat talep edebilir. Üreticinin sorumluluğunu sınırlandıran ya da kaldıran sorumsuzluk anlaşmaları kesin hükümsüzdür. Üreticinin sorumlu olması için, zarar görenin üründeki hatayı (uygunsuzluğu), zararı ve hata ile zarar arasındaki nedensellik bağını ispat etmesi gerekir. Tazminat talebi, zarar görenin zararı ve üreticinin kimliğini öğrendiği tarihten itibaren üç yıl ve her halde zararın ortaya çıktığı tarihten itibaren on yıllık zamanaşımı sürelerine tabidir. ÜGTDK m 21’e göre, üretici, ürünü piyasaya kendisinin sürmediğini, hatanın dağıtıcının ya da üçüncü bir kişinin ürüne müdahalesinden veya kullanıcıdan kaynaklandığını ya da üründeki hatanın teknik düzenlemelere veya diğer zorunlu teknik kurallara uygun şekilde gerçekleştirilen üretim nedeniyle meydana geldiğini ispatlayarak sorumluluktan kurtulabilir.
The responsibility of the manufacturer is the responsibility for compensation for damages arising from the wrong (unsuitable) product that the manufacturer placed on the market. The responsibility of the manufacturer in Turkish law is regulated in the Products Safety and Technical Regulations Act (ÜGTDK) No. 7223 published in the Official Gazette on 12 March 2020. In the law, product responsibility is built on three basic provisions. In this context, the product liability compensation is included in m 6, the secondary liability of distributors, such as wholesale, baby, retailers, which are included in m 11 in the supply chain of the product, and the reasons for dismissal in m 21. Under the responsibility system in the UGTDK, anyone who has damaged his personality or goods due to the wrong product may demand compensation from the manufacturer who is not liable to the responsibility. Non-responsibility agreements limiting or removing the responsibility of the manufacturer are strictly unlawful. To be responsible, the producer must prove the causal link between the product error (incompatibility), the damage and the error and the damage. The claim for compensation shall be subject to a period of three years from the date on which the damaged person and the manufacturer’s identity were known and, in any case, ten years from the date on which the damage occurred. The manufacturer may withdraw from liability by proof that the product is not placed on the market by himself, that the error is caused by the dealer or a third party’s interference with the product or by the user, or that the error in the product is caused by the production carried out in accordance with the technical regulations or other compulsory technical rules.
A producer’s liability is defined as compensation liability of the producer for damages resulting from defective (noncompliant) products put into circulation by him. Under Turkish law, a producer’s liability is governed by Product Safety and Technical Regulations Law (PSTRL) number 7223, which was promulgated into the Official Gazette on March 12, 2020. Under the PSTRL, product liability is based on three fundamental provisions: Product liability compensation is regulated under Article 6; Article 11 covers secondary liability of suppliers, such as wholesaler, vendor, retailer, which are involved in the product supply chain; and Article 21 sets the grounds for exoneration from liability. Within the framework of the PSTRL, any injured person who has suffered personal injury or property damage because of a defective product can claim compensation from a producer with no-fault liability; agreements that exclude or limit a producer’s liability in advance are null and void. However, for the producer to be held liable, the injured person has to prove the defect (noncompliance) in the product, the damage, and the causal link between defect and damage. The compensation claim period is subject to a three-year limitation that begins on the date the injured person became aware of the damage and the producer’s identity as well as a ten-year limitation period that begins on the date the damage arose. Under Article 21 of the PSTRL, producers can be freed from liability if they prove that they did not place the product on the market, the defect (noncompliance) resulted from the supplier’s, a third party’s or the product user’s intervention, or the defect was a result of compliance with technical regulations or other mandatory technical rules.
Field : Hukuk
Journal Type : Ulusal
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