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Goiter term is generally used for defining the enlargement of thyroid gland. Thyroid nodules are very common and some of these nodules may harbor malignancy. Multinodular goiter (MNG) disease without thyroid dysfunction is defined as non-toxic MNG. There are many factors in etiology for development of MNG. They can be classified as iodine dependent and non-iodine dependent factors basically. Beyond this basic classification, the effect of many environmental and acquired factors is also effective on the development of goiter. Many methods have described for diagnosis and treatment for non-toxic MNG. Biochemical tests, imagining methods, invasive and non-invasive methods have been used for diagnosis for many years. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, separately. Although the best method for diagnosis is still debatable, distinguishing malignant nodules from benign nodules is the first and most important step for MNG. Biochemical tests such as serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) measurement, thyroid hormone measurement; and thyroid ultrasonography are used for diagnosis of MNG, traditionally. Nowadays, there are some new techniques were developed like ultrasound-elastography. Furthermore, thyroid scintigraphy may be used if there is abnormal TSH measurement. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy and some cross-sectional imaging methods (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography) could be used, too. After a certain diagnosis is made, treatment options should be evaluated. Many treatment methods have been used for goiter from ancient times upon today. From non-invasive methods such as medical follow-up to invasive methods such as lobectomy or thyroidectomy are options for treatment. Patients with compression symptoms due to an enlarged thyroid gland are usually candidates for surgery. In this study, it is aimed to determine the most appropriate treatment for the patient by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of all these methods. The present review discusses definition of goiter term, etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and treatment methods for nontoxic MNG.
The term Guatr is often used to define the growth of the thyroid gland. Thyroid nodes are very common and some of these nodes may contain malignity. The multinodular guatra disease without thyroid function disorder is defined as non-toxic multinodular guatra. There are many factors in the ethology in the development of the multinodular guatr. Basically, they can be classified as iodized and non-iodized factors. In the development of Guatr, beyond this basic classification, there are many environmental and adverse factors that have the impact. Many methods for the diagnosis and treatment of non-toxic multinodular guatra have been defined. Biochemical tests, imaging methods, invasive and non-invasive methods have been used for the diagnosis for many years. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Although the best method for diagnosis is still controversial, distinguishing malignant nodes from benign nodes is the first and most important step for the multinodular guatr. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone measurement, thyroid hormone measurement, and thyroid ultrasound are traditionally used in the multinodular guatr diagnosis. There are some new techniques developed today, such as ultrasound-elastography. Also, if an abnormal thyroid stimulating hormone is measured, thyroid syntigraphy can be used. Thin injection aspiration biopsy and some cut imaging methods can also be used (computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography). Treatment options should be assessed after a precise diagnosis. Many therapeutic methods have been used for guatr from ancient times to today. There are treatment options from non-invasive methods such as medical follow-up to invasive methods such as lobectomy or thyroidectomy. Patients with compression symptoms associated with the growth of the thyroid gland are often candidates for surgery. This study aims to determine the most suitable treatment for the patient by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of all these methods. This collection discusses the definition of the term guatr for non-toxic multinodular guatr, the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis methods and methods of treatment. (SETB-2022-03-070)
Alan : Sağlık Bilimleri
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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