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İlk çağlardan günümüze kadar geçen sürede kuyum sanatı ve teknolojisi değiştiği gibi bu sanatın icra edildiği malzemeler de değişme ve gelişme göstermiştir. Kuyum-takı tasarım malzemelerinin bu yolculuğu her dönemde kadim medeniyetlerde farklılık ya da benzerlik göstermiştir. Bu farklı malzeme keşiflerine; el yazması eserler (kitap, ikona, minyatür), duvar betimlemeleri (fresk, rölyef), arkeolojik kazılar ve aktarılmış mitolojik hikayeler aracılığıyla ulaşılmakta; birbirinin alternatifi olan ve unutulan kuyum alet ve malzemeler ise yeniden keşfedilmeyi beklemektedir. Antik dönemlerde kabaca metalürji ve kimya modern bilimlerinin birleşmiş haline simya denilmektedir. Buna göre en eski simya çalışmalarının günümüze kazandırdığı iki bilim de diyebiliriz. Başlangıçta belirli karışımlarla değerli altın madenini üretme amacıyla ortaya çıkan simyacılar bu yolculuklarında modern bilime yaptıkları katkının büyük olduğunu görmekteyiz. En eski büyüler ve kutsal dini inanışların kullanıldığı simya çalışmaları bu iki modern bilime kapı aralamıştır. Binlerce yıldır kuyumculukta kullanılan maden ve metallerin kimyasal çalışmalarla farklı alaşımlar elde edilmesi ve bu sürecin insanlık tarihi boyunca devam ediyor oluşu alternatif kuyum malzemelerini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Kullanılan kuyum işleme ve takı tasarım aletleri, dönemin teknolojik imkanlarına bağlı olarak işlenen malzeme yüzeyinin sertliğinden/mukavemetinden daha yüksek yine benzer malzemelerden üretilmiştir. Kuyumculuk yüzey işleme/süsleme aletlerinin üretiminde bu temel prensip günümüzde de değişmemiştir. Kuyum işlemeciliğinin her döneminde kullanılan aletler ve malzemeler aynı zamanda yeni kuyumculuk tekniklerinin doğmasına ve gelişmesine de sebep olmuştur. Kuyumculuk mesleği bu bağlamda eski tekniklerin halen yenilenerek sürdürülüyor olması, diğer meslek dallarındaki gibi yok olmaya yüz tutan bir meslek dalı asla olmayacağının da göstergesidir. Mezopotamya, Antik Mısır, Antik Yunan, Anadolu, Hint ve Orta Asya simyası ve günümüzde en çok bilgi sahibi olduğumuz Avrupa simya çalışmaları sırasında ortaya çıkan alaşımlar kuyumculuk alanında malzemeye dönüşmüştür. Bu yayında alternatif kuyumculuk-takı tasarım malzemeleri için eski medeniyetlerin metalürji ve kimya bilimleri üzerine çalışmalara ulaşılmaya çalışılmış, günümüz modern kuyum-takı tasarımı alet ve malzemeleriyle kıyaslanmıştır.
From the early ages to the present day, the art and technology of the hole have changed, and the materials in which this art is performed have also shown change and development. This journey of curve-magnetic design materials has shown differences or similarities in ancient civilizations in every era. These different material discoveries are achieved through handwriting works (books, icons, miniatures), wall paintings (fresks, rallyes), archaeological excavations and transmitted mythological stories; alternating and forgotten coal tools and materials are waiting to be re-discovered. In ancient times, almost metallurgy and chemistry became a combination of modern sciences called chemistry. We can also say the two most ancient chemical studies have brought to us today. The chemists who originally came up with the aim of producing valuable gold mines with certain mixture, we see that their contribution to modern science in these trips is great. The most ancient magic and chemical studies used by sacred religious beliefs have opened the door to these two modern sciences. Millions of years of minerals and metals used in boiling have revealed alternative boiling materials that have been achieved by chemical studies and this process has continued throughout human history. The used coal processing and jewelry design tools are made of similar materials that are higher than the hardness/hardness of the material surface processed depending on the technological capabilities of the time. This basic principle in the production of coating surface processing/sweating tools has not changed today. The tools and materials used in every phase of curve processing have also led to the birth and development of new curve techniques. The coworking profession in this context is a sign that the old techniques are still being renewed, and that there will never be a branch of the profession that is facing disappearance like in other branches of the profession. The Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greek, Anatolian, Indian and Central Asian chemistry and the alloys that arise during the European chemistry studies that we are most aware of today have turned into material in the field of grapefruit. In this edition, the study on metallurgy and chemical sciences of ancient civilizations for alternative steam-grow design materials was tried to be achieved, compared with the modern steam-grow design tools and materials today.
As the art and technology of jewellery has changed from the first ages to the present, the materials in which this art is practiced have also changed and developed. This journey of jewelry-jewelry design materials has shown differences or similarities in ancient civilizations in every period. To these different material discoveries; manuscripts (books, icons, miniatures), wall depictions (frescoes, reliefs), archaeological excavations and transmitted mythological stories; Jewelry tools and materials, which are alternatives and forgotten, are waiting to be rediscovered. In ancient times, the combined modern sciences of metallurgy and chemistry were roughly called alchemy. Accordingly, we can say that the two sciences brought to the present day by the oldest alchemical studies. We see that the alchemists, who initially emerged with the aim of producing the precious gold mine with certain mixtures, made a great contribution to modern science in this journey. Alchemy studies using the oldest spells and sacred religious beliefs have opened the door to these two modern sciences. The fact that the mines and metals used in jewelry for thousands of years have been obtained different alloys by chemical studies and this process has continued throughout the history of humanity has revealed alternative jewelry materials. The jewelery processing and jewelry design tools used were produced from similar materials higher than the hardness/strength of the processed material surface, depending on the technological possibilities of the period. This basic principle in the production of jewelry surface treatment / decoration tools has not changed today. Tools and materials used in every period of jewelery making have also led to the emergence and development of new jewelery techniques. In this context, the fact that the old techniques are still being renewed in the jewelry profession is an indication that it will never be a profession that is on the verge of extinction, as in other professions. Alloys that emerged during Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greek, Anatolian, Indian and Central Asian alchemy and European alchemy studies, of which we are most knowledgeable today, have turned into materials in the field of jewellery. In this publication, studies on metallurgy and chemical sciences of ancient civilizations were tried to be reached for alternative jewelry-jewelry design materials, and today's modern jewelry-jewelry design tools and materials were compared.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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