Abstract:

The issues related to government, in history of Islam from after the death of the Prophet contiuning up to the present and preoccupied muslim mind generally and cause to divide sects in Islamic societiy, are the first and the most important. One of issues is a necessity of government called Imamate or Caliphate. About the matter of government Quran, outside of general principles, has not given too much information for details. For instance, Quran has not too much explaration about the necessity of government, the selection of governor and his qualifications, the structure of state and form of government from corporate politics issues. Quran has expressed the concepts like right, freedom, equality, justice, licence, obedience and consultation as people must conform to the rules related to administration. The Prophet Muhammad's advice and treatments about the issue of government coherence with the general framework that Quran revealed as well as the other subjects. When he died, The Prophet Muhammad don’t assign Imam or Caliph after his death both apparently and secretly. He isn’t even determinate any arrangement related to political field for the next period. The matter of government continues the first and most important issue for the Islamic sects. While the majority of the Islamic sects accept to require the government, a small part of them don’t think to require this. The necessity of government does not mean that this is the fundamental element of religion and faith. There is a lof of necessity that they are not accepted among the bacis pillars of religion. Government is necessary as a tool for muslim people to imply some religious provisions. The majority of muslim (Ehl al Sunnah, Shia, a part of Murjiah, the majority of Mutazila and Khariji except for Necedat) are in consensus about the necessity of government and governor for divine provisions go on and providing order. But Sia has only pretty different ideas from the other sects about the source of government. When Ehl al Sunnah, Murjiah, Mutazila and Khariji required determination of government and selection of governor for public, Shia reguired it for God.

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