Özet:

Middle East has become the attraction center of the World through the human history. It has been home to many of civilizations. A big colonial race began with the industry era in the World and the petroleum and raw material race of colonial states were accelarated vehemently.  Especially, after the math of 19 century, the weakining power of Ottoman Empire resulted in a big gap in the Middle East. It caused the severe competiton between the states which were eager to fill that gap. It made the region which was important from the view of strategical and having wealthy oil reserves more attractive. The region was shared in 1st Wold War with secret agreements. Western countries foremost UK made the deals with tribal leaders and prominent families to organize the rebelions against Ottoman in order to collapse it. After 1st Wold War, The Kingdoms and the states were established based on colonial and mandate regime in place of Ottoman Empire. The colonial states which Imperial states never give up were established. Untill 2 nd Wold War, Colonial Systems and Mandate regime were led, after 2 nd Wold War, The dipole system which was comprised of USA and USSR was dominated the World. Untill that time, USA, UK and France had been dominant in the region, USSR became the rival of them. Soviet Expansionism was reflected as a threat to the regional states by the western block and the precautions were thought in order to protect regional countries which were Turkey, Greece, Iraq, Pakistan and alongside Arab States. Regional cooperations and Defence Organization foremost NATO were supported against this threat. Baghdad Pact was one of the defence pacts which was established under the pioneer of Turkey and Iraq and supported by USA and UK in order to prevent Soviet Expansionism. In a short time, while Pakistan, Iran and UK also joined to the pact. The other Arab States were expected to join to the pact. Nevetheless, the oppositions of pacts foremost Egypt conducted a campaign that The aim of the establishing of Baghdad Pact was the other method for the western countries to control the region. Egypt which was led by Cemal Abdul Nasser reacted a severe opposition to the pact since they thought Baghdad Pact as a threat which would lose their leadership over the region and make Turkey to control the region. At the same time, ıt was propangandized that Israel would become the member of the pact and that would mean all Arab States would be supposed to recognize Israel because of that reson and that would mean the betrayal of Arab Movement. With the effects of the hampering of Egypt, Baghdad Pact couldnt reach expansions that it was aimed but ıt served for the sake of good relations between Pact’s members, especially Turkey and Iraq relations and it contributed to Turkey’s reputation due to the atttitude of Turkey in terms of World peace.

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