Özet:

This paper presents a load frequency control scheme with the integration of Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) which can enhance the system dynamics under load fluctuations. For this, a detailed multi-area multi-source system is designed with a solar-thermal and a thermal unit in Area1, a gas and thermal unit along with an electric vehicle (EV) fleet in Area2, and two thermal units and an EV fleet in Area3. The thermal units are single reheat turbine type, and appropriate generation rate constraints are considered for thermal and gas units. The application of Two Degree of Freedom Proportional-Integral-Derivative (2DOF-PID) controller has been made as secondary controller in all the control areas. A new nature inspired optimization technique called as Wind Driven Optimization is employed for simultaneous optimization of the controller gains and parameters. Comparison of 2DOF-PID controller with classical controllers reveals the superiority of the former under nominal system conditions. The impact of V2G into the system is tested which proves that the magnitude and numbers of oscillations of the system response is reduced when it encounters load fluctuations. The robustness of the optimized gains and parameters of 2DOF-PID controller have been verified by carrying out sensitivity analysis under different system conditions.

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