Özet:

Migration is one of the important factors that influence societies from a political, social and economic point of view in almost every period of history. In the past, migration has led to the collapse of a political organization, while another political organization has been able to find life. The study of the immigration event in our country, which has such significant effects, is more focused on the context of the modern period. But in the proper reading of today and in the making of healthy projections on the future, historical migrations must also be addressed. The study of the immigration structure of the Ottoman Anadolu, our recent history, will be able to make a serious contribution to the discovery of the historical background of the immigration and the evaluation of contemporary migrations in the context of this historical experience. This study and the literature related to the history of immigration, as time XVI. from the 20th century. Thro the century, the aim was to contribute through the examples of Manisa and Konya, researching the structure of the migrations in the Anatolian countryside. What are the main causes of migration in the Ottoman countryside? Reply to the question was asked. For this purpose, the knowledge and findings obtained from archive facilities, land research and field literature have been used. The research finds that migration in rural areas within the time range and sample spaces is caused by driving factors such as natural disasters, epidemic diseases, co-operation activities, tax pressure, discomforts arising from being on the main transport network. Sometimes these incentives may have caused individual migrations, as they may have caused mass migrations or rural residential centers to change. It is clear that the immigration can be from the countryside to the city, more than that of the countryside itself. The information obtained from archives and land research can be considered as important clues about this situation. The migration movement that took place in rural areas for various reasons took place towards cities as well as central, secure and crowded villages. As a result of migrations in rural areas, primarily under the influence of economic and security factors, rural residential centers have gathered place. The mass migrations that occurred, on the one hand, led to the disappearance of some villages, while on the other hand, significantly contributed to the continuity of existing villages.

Özet:

ABSTRACT Migration is one of the important factors affecting societies in political, social and economic terms in almost every period of history. In the past, while the migration led to the collapse of a political organization, it led to the emergence of another political organization. However, it is a necessity to consider the historical migrations in order to make a correct interpretation of today and to make healthy projections about the future. In particular, the investigation of the migration structure of Ottoman Anatolia, which is a recent history, will be able to provide significant contributions both in revealing the historical background of migration and in the evaluation of contemporary migrations in the context of this historical experience. The aim of this study is to contribute to the literature on the history of migration, as time from the sixteenth century to the twentieth century, as investigating the structure of migrations in Anatolian countryside through the samples of Manisa and Konya. In the study, basically the following question was sought: What are the reasons for the migration in the Ottoman countryside? For this purpose, information and findings obtained from archive documents, field surveys and field literature were used. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the migrations in rural areas within the time frame and sampling areas are caused by the pushing factors such as natural disasters, epidemics, banditry activities, tax pressure, and unrest in the main transportation network. Sometimes these pushing factors could lead to individual migration, as well as to mass migration or displacement of rural resettlement centers. It is understood that the migrations may occur from rural to urban areas, and more than this, some of which occured within the countryside itself. Information obtained from archival documents and field surveys can be considered as important clues to this situation. The migration movement that took place in the countryside due to various reasons was realized towards the central, safe and crowded villages as well as the cities. As a result of migrations in rural areas, which were mainly due to economic and security factors, rural resettlement centers conglomerate. On the one hand, the mass migrations caused some villages to disappear and on the other hand, they made significant contributions to the continuity of the existing villages.

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