Özet:

Turkish Islamic thought evolved from wisdom to philosophy and met the philosophical approaches and currents of Western thought in Anatolia. When individuals and societies face certain problems, they first want to solve them intellectually. In the last period of the Ottoman Empire, there were political, economic and cultural problems that needed to be solved. Although the solutions to these problems differed in the Tanzimat and Constitutional Monarchy periods, it was a fact that the solutions had scientific, sociological and philosophical qualities. Philosophical analyses were tried to be solved with enlightenment, positivism, materialism, spiritualism, etc. in line with the views of Western representatives. Creating a new society, a new nation, and sustaining its existence with its language, religion, ideals, culture, etc. was a huge problem for the young republic. For the solution of these problems, the intellectual movements of the Tanzimat and Constitutional Monarchy periods guided the Republican period. Each of these different solutions introduced us to different currents of thought. In this study, we have tried to deal with the intellectual approaches and currents in the Republican period by making use of our own experiences and various sources. Among these, we have tried to focus on enlightenment, positivism, materialism, spiritualism, social Darwinism, analytical philosophy in order of influence and acceptance. Among those emphasized only in terms of academic studies, new ontology, phenomenology, etc. can be mentioned here.

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