Özet:

Cleansing action is a natural need for humans. In this direction, structures have been built to meet the need for cleansing since the beginning of human history. Bath structures, encountered in all ancient civilizations of the world, are an indispensable type of architectural structure for humans. While each civilization builds its architectural culture, it also includes many facts belonging to its own traditions. Thus, each civilization creates its own unique architectural spectrum consisting of many building types. Baths are also included in this architectural range. Therefore, when examining a building type, the traditions of the civilization that created it cannot be ignored and cannot be separated from its traditions. In this context, as in every civilization, Turks have a unique architectural culture. Baths are one of the building types that make up this architectural culture. Turks, who have a deep-rooted history and culture, have a distinguished and comprehensive place in the world architecture history with their architectural works. Baths are one of the types of buildings within the wide architectural scale built by the Turks in the historical process and kneaded with their own cultures. The subject of this article is whether the Turkish bath has a unique architecture or not. Three assumptions are generally encountered regarding the issue of whether the Turkish bath has a unique architecture. One of them is that the Turkish bath has its own architecture, the other is that it is a continuation of the Roman baths, a miniature and reflection of them, and the last one is an architecture that contains the features of the Roman and Byzantine baths and corresponds to the duality of the East and West worlds. The architectural originality of the Turkish bath, in which we found a unique aspect in many ways, and the problem of origin is focused. This situation has revealed the necessity of examining the bath structures established by other civilizations and civilizations which are seen as the origin of the formation of Turkish bath architecture. These include Ancient Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Mesopotamian, Ancient Egyptian, Persian, Arabian, Indian, Russian, Far Eastern and European civilizations. To reveal the original architecture of Turkish baths, Turkish bath structure of the Turkish states reigned inside and outside of Turkey has been examined and it has been determined that these structures built in different geographies and different time periods have common technical features. In addition, it reveals different aspects of the aforementioned structures from same type of structures built by other civilizations. The analysis is not only limited to architecture, but also the differences in the use of these structures and the meanings that each civilization ascribes to these structures within their own traditions. In addition to all these, the names given to the bathing structures by different civilizations are tried to be examined etymologically and the naming problem is also mentioned. By this means, it has been revealed that the names given to these structures are related to the way they are used. In this way, it was concluded that the Turkish bath has a unique structure in every sense.

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