Haberî sıfatlar, el, parmak, yüz ve kadem gibi nasslarda geçen ancak aklî deliller nedeniyle zâhirî mânâlarıyla; nasslar içindeki bağlamları yani siyâk, sibâk ve sevk dışında, tek başına Allah’a nispet edilemeyen sıfatlardır. Âlimler arasında bu sıfatlara yönelik farklı yaklaşımlar olmuştur. Bu yaklaşımlar içinde Selef’e göre, Kur’ân’da ve hadislerde geçen haberî sıfatlara iman edip, te’vîl etmemektir. Buna “tefvîz”, “bilâkeyf” veya “tevakkuf” metodu da denilmektedir. Bu sıfatların anlaşılması, teşbihten ve nassları yanlış değerlendirmekten kaçınmak açısından gereklidir. Bazı fikrî münakaşalara sebep olan bu lafızları çözüme kavuşturmak için İslam âlimleri te’vil metoduna başvurmuşlardır. Yani bu sıfatların te’vili, tenzîh ve takdîs ilkesinin bir gereği olarak akıl ve dilbilimsel yöntemlere başvurularak ortaya çıkmıştır. İslâm kelâmında önemli bir konu olan te’vil, Ebû Hamid el-Gazâlî (ö.505/1111)’nin çözüm aradığı konulardan biridir. O, tevil konusunda olmazsa olmaz bir takım metodlar ortaya koymuş, hangi metinlerin te’vil edilebileceği, te’vilin nasıl yapılacağı, kimlerin te’vil yapabileceği ile ilgili bir metodoloji ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca te’vil ve tekfirde aşırılığa son vermek ve nasslar çerçevesindeki belli esaslar dâhilinde kayıtlamak için “el-Kanunu’l-Küllî fi’t-Te’vil; el-İktisâd fi’l-İ’tikâd ve Faysalu’t-Tefrika Beyne’l-İslam ve’z-Zendeka” gibi çalışmalar yapmıştır. Bu makâlede Gazâlî’nin haberî sıfat anlayışı, problemlere çözüm önerileri ve te’vil metodolojisi incelenmektedir.
Informed Devine attributes are mentioned in the Devine text but must be comprehended word for word due to rational arguments. They can't be asscribed to God and can't be considered abstractly from its context in the Devine text. There have been different approaches towards the explanations of the attributes. The Salafi's approach is to accept the khabar attributes which are mentioned in the Qur'an and the hadith without ta'wîl (interpretation), not to comment. This approach has been called as “tawîz”, “bilakeyf” or “tawakuf”. Explaining them is exceedingly important in order to avoid comparing God with something else. In order to resolve such disputes, Muslim scholars have developed certain methods, one of which is ta'wil. The explanations of these informed attributes come to light as a necessity of the principles of tanzih and takdis (declaring God to be perfect, glorifying God). One of the issues that Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (d.505/1111) is looking for a solution is the ta'wil (interpreting acording to one's own opinion) which is an important issue in the Islamic word. He has put indispensable methods about ta'wil has introduced a methodology on which texts can be interpreted, how to make the interpretations, who can make them. Also he has made studies such as "el-Kanunu'l-Küllî fi't-Te'vil; el-Iktisâd fi'l-I'tikad" and "Faysalu't-Tefrika beyne'l-Islam and'z-Zendeka" in order to end the extremism in ta'wil and takfir and to record certain principles within the framework of the nass (the words or proofs that are not likely to be interpreted). In this article, al-Ghazali's understanding of the informed devine attribute, solutions to problems and interpretation methodology are studied.
Informed Devine attributes are mentioned in the Devine text but must be comprehended word for word owing to rational arguments. They can’t be ascribed to God and can’t be considered abstractly from its context in the Devine text. There have been different approaches towards the explanations of the attributes. The Salafi’s approach is to accept the khabarî attributes which are mentioned in the Qur’an and the hadith without ta’wîl (interpretation), not to comment. This approach has been called as “tafwîz”, “bilakeyf” or “tawakuf”. Explaining them is exceedingly important in order to avoid from comparing God with something else. In order to resolve such disputes, Muslim scholars have developed certain methods, one of which is ta’wil. The explanations of these informed attributes come to light as a necessity of the principles of tanzih and takdis (declaring God to be perfect, glorifying God). One of the issues that Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (d.505/1111) is looking for a solution is the ta’wil (interpreting acording to one’s own opinion) which is an important issue in the Islamic word. He has put indispensable methods about ta’wil has introduced a methodology on which texts can be interpreted, how to make the interpretations, who can make them. Also he has made studies such as “el-Kanunu’l-Küllî fi’t-Te’vil; el-İktisâd fi’l-İ’tikâd” and “Faysalu’t-Tefrika beyne’l-İslam ve’z-Zendeka” in order to end the extremism in ta’wil and takfir and to record certain principles within the framework of the nass (the words or proofs that are not likely to be interpreted). In this article, al-Ghazali’s understanding of the ınformed devine attribute, solutions to problems and interpretation methodology are studied.
Alan : Güzel Sanatlar; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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