Özet:

Lithography is a printmaking method of rendering images and text onto stone plates. It spread all over the world shortly after its invention thanks to its superior functionality, richness of visual effects and quick print capabilities. Soon after, it was brought to Istanbul. Adopted by the late Ottoman Empire after flowering of the Europeanization ideals, this method became an important means of visualizing folktales. Ban of imagery was broken thanks to calligraphy refined with eyeful images that lithography has to offer, which made Western sense of painting popular in the Ottoman Empire. Talented military students who were sent Europe in late 1800s learned European painting and came back to Istanbul, pioneering arts education in an academic level and institutionalization of printmaking in Turkish lands. The School of Fine Arts founded by Osman Hamdi Bey became the first academic institution to teach arts. Hoca Ali Rıza Bey taught lithography in the Military Academy, laying the academic foundations of printmaking. French art teacher Leopold Lévy was invited to the Academy in 1936 to establish the first original printmaking workshop with lithography equipment in the Ottoman Empire. First effective lithography workshop went into operation in 1950s. This research will focus on emergence of the first artistic lithographs in academic terms, spread of workshops in art education institutions in Istanbul and the Anatolia, development of lithography and efforts of pioneers and art education institutions to support lithography within the original printmaking following its boom in early 1960s. 

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