Abstract:

As the human ages, various changes occur in the skeletal muscle. Nutrition, It is one of the important factors affecting muscle mass and the constant loss of muscle mass is a characteristic feature of the aging process. However, sarcopenia, defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass related to age, causes deterioration in muscle quantity and quality, gradual slowing of movements, decrease in strength and performance, increased risk of injury associated with falling, and often a decrease in body weight. The estimated prevalence of sarcopenia in the general population is between 9% and 40%, with an increasing trend with increasing age. Hormonal changes (decrease in testosterone, estrogen and growth hormone), malnutrition, chronic inflammation and decreases in physical activity with increasing age are shown as the main causes of sarcopenia development, which has many factors in its etiology. At the same time, the adoption of a physically sedentary lifestyle causes the degeneration of the bone tissue by decreasing the load on it. Treatment options for sarcopenia include lifestyle changes including physical activity and exercise training, medical nutrition therapy, and pharmacological treatment. Strength training, adequate and proper nutrition are the basis of successful sarcopenia treatment. Exercise programs involving resistant training have long been seen as the most promising method to increase muscle mass and strength among older people. It is also known that resistant exercises are beneficial for preserving bone and muscle mass. Research shows that resistant exercise training can alleviate skeletal muscle dysfunction in older individuals. Therefore, older individuals should be encouraged to participate in resilient exercise training activities. In this study, we aimed to summarize the mechanism of resistance exercise training for preserving muscle and bone mass in elderly individuals with sarcopenia.

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