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Etik, insanın gerek bireysel yaşamında gerek toplumsal yaşam bakımından uyması gereken önemli kavramlardan birisidir. Ahlâk kavramı ile ilişkisi konusunda genellikle kabul edildiği üzere ahlâk kuralları, “olan”ı; etik kuralları ise, “olması gereken”i anlatır. Etik kavramı, günümüzde “meslek etiği” şeklinde giderek canlanan, tartışılan ve derinleşen bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda etik, “adalete uygun karar verme” işlevi çerçevesinde, hâkimlik mesleğiyle de yakından ilgilidir. Diğer mesleklerde olduğu gibi hâkimlerin de görevlerini belli etik ilkeler çerçevesinde yerine getirmesi zorunludur. Etik ilkelerin neler olduğu veya olması gerektiği konusunda, millî ve milletlerarası çeşitli düzenlemeler yapılmıştır ve bu hususta yeni yeni gelişmeler yaşanmaktadır. Yargı etiğinin temel ilkelerinin başında, hâkimin dışardan gelecek etki ve baskılar altıda kalmamasını ifade eden “bağımsızlık ilkesi” ile doğrudan doğruya hâkimin bizzat kendisinden/içinden gelen kişisel eğilimlere yenilmemesi anlamına gelen “tarafsızlık ilkesi” gelir. Anılan ilkeler, adil yargılanma hakkının da gereklerindendir. Bu iki temel etik ilkenin yanı sıra hâkimin görevini, bireylerin mahkemeye ve aslında yargı işlevini yerine getiren Devlet’e karşı duydukları güven duygusunu zedelemeyecek şekilde, kanunların gösterdiği esas ve usuller çerçevesinde, doğru bir biçimde, dürüstlük kurallarına da uyarak yerine getirmesi şarttır. Hâkim, yargılamayı davanın tarafları ve davadaki diğer ilgililer arasında ırk, renk, cinsiyet, ulusal köken, sosyal ve ekonomik statü gibi hususları tümüyle göz ardı ederek evrensel eşitlik kurallarına göre yürütmelidir. Bütün bunların gerçekleştirilebilmesi; bilgi, akıl, deneyim, insana ve doğaya sevgi/saygı duygularıyla bezenmiş olma gibi yüksek değerlere sahip olan ve özetle hâkimlik mesleğinin gerektirdiği ehil ve liyakatli kimselerin hâkim olarak seçilmesine bağlı hususlardır. Elinizdeki makale, mahkemelerin verdikleri kararların adaletli olmasının asgari araçlarından olan yargı etiği kurallarının önemi ve bu konuda Türkiye’de kabul edilen yeni yargı etiği kuralları hakkında bilgi verilmesi ve bunların değerlendirilmesi amacıyla kaleme alınmıştır.
Ethics is one of the important concepts that a person needs to comply with in the individual life and in terms of social life. The moral rules, as it is commonly accepted in relation to the concept of ethics, describe the "what" and the moral rules describe the "what should be". The concept of ethics has become a topic that is increasingly revived, discussed and deepened in the form of "professional ethics" today. In this context, ethics, within the framework of the function of "righteous decision making", is also closely related to the jurisdiction profession. Like in other professions, the judges are required to perform their duties in the framework of certain ethical principles. On what the ethical principles are or should be, various national and international regulations have been made and new developments are taking place in this regard. At the beginning of the basic principles of judgment ethics comes the "principle of independence" which means that the judge does not have any external influences and pressures, and the "principle of neutrality" which directly means that the judge does not have any personal tendencies that come from himself. The principle is the right to a fair trial. These two basic ethical principles, as well as the obligation of the judge to fulfill the duty, in a way that the individuals do not undermine the sense of confidence they feel in the court and in the state which actually performs the judicial function, in the framework of the principles and procedures established by the laws, in a correct manner, in accordance with the rules of honesty. The judge shall carry out the trial in accordance with the rules of universal equality, completely ignoring the issues such as race, color, gender, national origin, social and economic status between the parties to the case and other stakeholders in the case. All this can be accomplished is the fact that knowledge, mind, experience, love/respect for man and nature have high values and, in short, the profession of righteousness requires the righteousness and the righteousness of the righteous. The article in your hand has been drawn up with the aim of informing and evaluating the importance of the rules of judicial ethics, which are the minimum means of making judgments fair, and the new rules of judicial ethics adopted in Turkey in this regard.
Ethics are a key ingredient in any social contract. Society is either civil or barbarous depending upon the presence of ethics in individual, commercial, and social spheres. While moral rules express the law in force; ethical rules, on the other hand, express the ideal law (lex ferenda).The concept of professional ethics is increasingly relevant, profound, and popular in today’s judiciary structure. In this context, ethics are closely related to judicature within the framework of “making decisions in accordance with justice.” As in other professions, judges are obliged to fulfill their duties within the framework of certain ethical principles. Various national and international regulations have been established regarding such principles. The two key precepts of judicial ethics are the “principle of independence,” where the judge is not influenced by external pressures, and the “principle of impartiality (neutrality),” where the judge does not succumb to personal inclinations and biases. These principles form the basis of a person’s right to a fair trial. Beyond these two fundamental ethical principles, judges must conduct their duties in accordance with the principle of good faith and within the framework of other rules and legal procedures. For example, judges should conduct legal proceedings in accordance with the universal rules of equality. Their decisions should not be affected by race, color, gender, national origin, or socio-economic status of the parties involved in the case. Accomplishing this ideal depends on the quality of the election system, appointing judges with high values including knowledge, intelligence, experience, affection, and respect for all people and nature. These qualities constitute the core requirements of the judge’s profession, defining competency in the role. This article was written for the purpose of clarifying and evaluating the importance of judicial ethics and fairness in Turkish courts.
Field : Hukuk
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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