Özet:

The hexaploid triticale is an amphidiploid obtained from the cross between durum wheat (2n=28) and rye (2n=14). It is characterizes with high protein content, resistance to biotic- (powdery mildew and rust) and abiotic (cold and drought) stress factors. The hybridization between durum wheat and triticale is complicated and is rarely applied in durum wheat breeding improvement. Here, we report the results of long-standing experiments for obtaining of interspecific hybrids between Bulgarian durum wheat genotypes as mother plants and triticale (2n=42) lines from CIMMYT – Mexico. Although the crossability between two species was relatively high, hybrid plants were obtained only by means of embryo rescue method, due to endosperm degeneration. All regenerated F1 hybrids were with low fertility and produced seeds with reduced endosperm and low viability. The F1 hybrids were backcrossed to the recurrent durum wheat genotypes. Strict and repeated selection of plants with durum wheat phenotype was performed in the segregation populations. Thirty-three SSRs mapped on the A, B and D genomes and chromosomes of common wheat were used for molecular characterization of one of the obtained advanced backcross lines. The SSR markers showed introgression of 10 chromatin segments from triticale in the studied backcross line in loci on chromosomes of several groups - 1 (Хwmc 24-1AS, Xgwm 136-1АS, Xgwm 268-1BL), 2 (Xgwm 95-2AS), 3 (Xgwm 5-3АS), 4 (Xgwm 165-4AS, Xgwm 165-4BL) and 7 (Хwmc 9-7AL, Хwmc 83-7AS и Xgwm 400-7BS). In addition to introgressions, new recombinant alleles, which did not correspond correctly to the alleles of both parents, were detected in loci on chromosomes of 7 group (Xgwm 282-7AL, Хwmc 83-7AS, Xgwm 46-7BS, Xgwm400-7ВS) and in loci on chromosomes 2АL (Xgwm 312), 5AL (Xwmc 327) and 6BL (Xgwm644)

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