Abstract:

Abstract Interactive brain stimulation is a new generation of neurofeedback characterized by a radical change in the targets of cognitive (volitional, adaptive) influence. These targets are represented by specific cerebral structures and neural networks, the reconstruction of which leads to the brain functions’ restoration and behavioral metamorphoses. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the neurofeedback contour uses a natural intravascular tracer, a blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal as feedback. The subject included into the "interactive brain contour" learns to modulate and modify his or her own cerebral networks, creating new ones or "awakening" pre-existing ones, in order to improve (or restore) mental, sensory, or motor functions. In this review we focus on interactive brain stimulation based on BOLD signal and its role in the motor rehabilitation of stroke, briefly introducing the basic concepts of the so-called “network vocabulary” and general biophysical basis of the BOLD signal. We also discuss a bimodal fMRI-EEG neurofeedback platform and the prospects of fMRI technology in controlling functional connectivity, a numerical assessment of neuroplasticity.

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