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Evlilik, İslam'ın çok büyük önem verdiği konulardan birisidir. Evlilik sözleşmesinden doğan bazı hukuki haklar vardır. Bu çalışmamızda, evlilikle sabit olan haklardan kadının mali haklarını islam hukuku perspektifinde tespit etmeye çalıştık. İslâm hukukunun kadının haklarını tespit ve tayin noktasında ortaya koyduğu en önemli hususlardan birisi de mali edinimlerdir. Hak, hukukun, bir başka ifade ile şeriatın bir yetki veya yükümlülük/sorumluluk olmak üzere benimsediği, kişiye ait olan şeylerdir. Evlilikten doğan malî haklar olarak, mehir, nafaka ve mirastan özet olarak bahsedildi. Mehir, evlenme esnasında kadına bu isimle ödenen mal ve benzeri şeylerdir. Başka bir ifadeyle evlilikte kadının nikâh akdi sonucunda hak kazandığı mal veya meblağ anlamında bir fıkıh terimidir. Kitap, Sünnet ve fıkıh literatüründe mehir kelimesi yerine, eş anlamda “sadûk”, “saduka”, “nıhle”, “farîza”, “ecr”, “hıbâ”, “ukr”, “alâik”, “tavl” ve “nikâh” kelimeleri de kullanılır. Nafaka, infak edilen şey, azık, yiyecek, ev reisinin sağlamak zorunda olduğu yiyecek, giyecek, mesken ve benzeri şeylere denir. “ Nafaka- نفق” kökünden infâk hayır yolunda mal sarf etmek anlamına gelir. Nafakanın çoğulu “nafakât-نفقات” tır. Bir terim olarak yiyecek, giyecek ve meskenden kişiye yetecek miktar anlamında kullanılır. Nafaka genel olarak ikiye ayrılır: 1. Kişinin nefsine/kendisine gerekli olan nafaka 2. Kişinin başkalarına vermesi gereken nafaka Miras, ölenin geride bıraktığı mal ve haklar demektir. Çoğulu “mevârîs” tir. Kelimenin “ورث” kökünden “إرث” mastarı, bir kimsenin malının ölümünden sonra hukuki mirasçılarına intikal etmesi demektir. Aynı kökten, “tevârüs” karşılıklı mirasçı olmak veya bir kimsenin diğerine mirasçı olması “vâris” mirasçı “muris”, miras bırakan “terike”, ölenin bıraktığı miras anlamlarında kullanılır. Miras ilmi anlamında kullanılan başka bir terimde “Ferâiz” dir. Bunun tekili olan “farîza” farz, belirli pay, hisse demektir. Ferâiz, İslâm miras hukuku terimi olarak kullanıldığında, belirli miras hisseleri anlamını ifade eder.
Marriage is one of the topics that Islam has great importance. There are some legal rights arising from the marriage contract. In this study, we tried to identify the financial rights of the woman from the rights that are fixed with marriage in the perspective of Islamic law. One of the most important aspects of the Islamic law in which the rights of the woman are identified and identified is the financial acquisition. The right is the things that the law, in other words, and the Charter accept as a power or obligation/responsibility, belong to the person. The marriage of the worship of the worship of the worship of the worship of the worship of the worship of the worship. Mahir is the property paid to the woman during marriage with this name and similar things. In other words, marriage is a term of fiction in the meaning of the property or property that the woman has gained as a result of the marriage agreement. In the book, Sünnet and Fıkıh literature, instead of the words mehir, the words “saduq”, “saduka”, “nhle”, “farîza”, “ecr”, “hıbâ”, “ukr”, “alâik”, “tavl” and “nikâh” are also used. Nafaka, what is spent, is called the food, the food, the clothes, the housing, and so on things that the home travellers must provide.” The good thing is the good thing, the good thing is the good thing, the good thing is the good thing, the good thing is the good thing. The majority of the money is “for money”. It is used as a term in the meaning of enough food, clothes and accommodation to a person. In general, it is divided into two parts: 1. It is a person’s self-sufficiency 2. The property that a person must give to others is the property and rights that the deceased has left behind. Many of them are “mighty”. The "heritage" from the root of the word, "heritage" means that a person injects the property to his legal heirs after his death. From the same roots, the word “their”; to be mutual inheritance or to be inheritance of one person to another; the word “their” inheritance; the word “their” inheritance; the word “their” inheritance that the deceased has left. In other words, the word “heritage” is used in the meaning of knowledge. The only thing that is "pharis" means farz, a certain share, a share. When the term is used as the Islamic Legislation of Heritage, it means certain share of heritage.
The marriage subject is one of the issues that Islam attaches great importance to. There are certain legal rights arising from the marriage contract. In this essay, our main objective is to determine financial rights of women within the frame of Islamic Law. One of the most important issues revealed by Islamic Law in determining of women rights is about financial acquisitions. Also brief information will be given on the basic principles of Islamic law on women rights and general financial rights. Rights are the things that law adopts to be an authority or obligation/responsibility and things that belong to person. The financial rights arising from marriage will be summarized as the rights of the mehir, alimony and heritage. Mehir is the name of payment (goods etc.) which is given to women during the marriage. In other words, it is an Islamic Law term in the sense of the goods or sums in which a woman is entitled to a marriage contract or sexual intercourse. Instead of word of Merih, in the other literature like Sunnah, fiqh, different words are also used as synonyms like “sadûk”, “saduka”, “nıhle”, “farîza”, “ecr”, “hıbâ”, “ukr”, “alâik”, “tavl” and “nikâh” . Alimony is food, clothing, sheltering and the similar thing that the head of the house has to provide. The word of Nafaka (Alimony) originally means spending its riches for good. As a term, it is also used for the amount sufficient for the person for clothing, food and sheltering. Alimony is generally divided in two: 1. Alimony required by person himself. 2. Alimony that person has to give to others Heritage means the goods and rights left behind by the deceased. The plural of this word in Arabic is “mevârîs” and meaning of the infinitive suffix (إرث) from the root of the word means the transfer of a person’s property to legal heirs after death. The word “tevârüs” which comes from the same root means being a mutual heir and the person being an heir to another is called “vâris”; “muris” is called for the one who left his legacy, and “terike” is used in the meaning of the legacy of the deceased. “Ferâiz” is another term used for legacy subject. “farîza” which is the singular form of “Ferâiz” means share and presumption. Ferâiz, when used as the term of Islamic inheritance law, it refers to certain shares of inheritance
Field : İlahiyat
Journal Type : Ulusal
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