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Abstract This article contains an introduction to the scientifi c approach called “complex thought” that complements the traditional view of science and rationalism, coming from the seventeenth century. The authors show that coexist today several ways of thinking about knowledge production. Also show that the way that production is organized has a lot to do with the very organization of society, economy and labor. For example, the rationalist science has developed from traditional logic of the industrial revolution. Already, complex thinking is fruit of contemporary social changes and relevant scientifi c discoveries in physics, mathematics, biology, cybernetics and social sciences. The text ends by showing that the complex view of science is essential to transform the ways of thinking and acting on health, particularly for surveillance, to train people and for the management of services.

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