Abstract:

Soil is an important component that gives room for saprophytic organisms to decompose materials and nutrients for recycling, as well as for plants to use as a rooting medium. Soil ecology is the study of interactions between soil organisms (both microbes and fauna) and their physical and chemical surroundings. The diversity of bacteria, fungus, and microscopic and macroscopic soil animals is supported by the soil habitat's variability. The decomposition of organic materials, the outflow of carbon dioxide from soils, and the cycling of nutrients within soils are all driven by these organisms. The diversity of soil organisms is reflected in their functional qualities, with species influencing ecosystem parameters ranging from soil physical properties to nutrient dynamics rates. Much of these ecosystem activities are governed by tropic interactions in soil food webs.

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