Özet:

Abstract Under-water wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are a new evolving innovation in which sensor nodes with restricted batteries are positioned in deep seawater. Different monitoring activities like strategic investigation, ocean climate observation, and resource exploration are achieved through these sensors’ nodes. One of the vital issues in UWSN is to increase the lifetime of networks without increasing the hardware complexity, price, and size of the network. There are various challenges in underwater networks such as more propagation delay, inadequate battery power, less storage capacity, less robustness, and less energy conservation. Energy conservation is a real challenge that must be considered. Clustered routing protocols are utilized to cut down energy utilization in underwater sensor networks. LEACH protocol which is hierarchical in nature uses a clustering method for energy efficiency. The two methods; the use of a controller node in each cluster and data aggregation at that node is used in this protocol to save energy. Performance analysis of three clustered routing protocols; LEACH, E-LEACH, and, C-LEACH is performed in this paper using the NS2.35 simulator. These protocols are examined based on energy and communication-related parameters like remaining energy, nodes loss rate, number of alive and dead nodes, bitrate and bytes of data transmitted, packets transmitted and lost, etc. and results are presented systematically.

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