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Özet Çalışmanın amacı son yıllarda sıkça gündemde yer almaya başlayan derin ekoloji hareketinin nasıl bir değer yaklaşımı benimsediğini analiz ederek ortaya koymaktır. Bu bağlamda derin ekoloji yaklaşımı, insanmerkezci ve çevremerkezci çevre etikleri açısından, kavramı bulan ve geliştiren Arne Naess’in görüşleri çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Derin ekolojinin temel unsurlarından biri değer kavramıdır. Ayrıca derin ekoloji platformunun değer kavramıyla ilgili iki ilkesi mevcuttur.1-Yeryüzündeki insan ve insan dışı yaşamın iyi durumda olması ve gelişmesi kendi başına değerlidir. Bu değerler insan dışı dünyanın insan amaçları için yararlı olup olmamalarından bağımsızdır.2-Yaşam formlarının zenginliği ve çeşitliliği bu değerlerin gerçekleştirilmesine katkıda bulunur ve kendi başlarına da bir değerdir.Çalışma birbiri ile bağlantılı üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde değer kavramı çerçevesinde insanmerkezci çevre etiği analiz edilmiş ve özelliği belirlenmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise değer kavramı çerçevesinde çevremerkezci çevre etiği analiz edilip genel olarak çevremerkezciliğin özelliği belirlenmiştir.Belirlenen bu özellikler bağlamında, üçüncü bölümde, derin ekoloji yaklaşımının insanmerkezci ve çevremerkezci çevre etikleri çerçevesinde analizi yapılmıştır. İnsanmerkezcilikte içsel değere sahip tek varlık insan olarak görülmekle beraber çevremerkezcilikte insan dışındaki varlıklar da içsel değere sahiptir. Derin ekolojideki doğada var olan her şeyin (canlı-cansız) içsel değerinin olduğu görüşü onu insanmerkezci yaklaşımdan uzaklaştırmaktadır. İnsanmerkezcilik insan dışındaki varlıkları insan gereksinimlerini gidermek için kullanılabilecek araçlar olarak görmektedir. Çevremerkezcilik içsel değer anlayışına dayanırken, doğadaki varlıkların araçsallaştırılmasına tamamiyle karşıdır. Derin ekolojide ise çevremerkezciliğe benzer şekilde canlı veya cansız her varlık bir çıkara ve insanlara olan yararlarından bağımsız olarak içsel değere sahiptir. Onlara araçsal değer yüklemez.Çalışmada derin ekoloji hareketinin benimsediği değer yaklaşımının ise hem insanmerkezciliğin hem de çevremerkezciliğin özelliklerini kısmen barındırmakta olduğu, ancak çevremerkezciliğin özelliklerinin daha ağır basmakta olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Abstract The purpose of the study is to analyse what kind of value approach is adopted by the deep ecology which is frequently on the agenda. In this respect, the deep ecology approach has been investigated, in terms of anthropocentric and ecocentric environmental influences by employing the work of Arne Naess,who found and developed the concept. One of the fundamental elements of deep ecology is the concept of value. In addition, the concept of deep ecology platform has two principles on the concept of value.1-The flourishing of human and non-human life on Earth has intrinsic value.The value of non-human life forms is independent of the usefulness these may have for narrow human purposes.2-Richness and diversity of life forms are values in themselves and contribute to the flourishing of human and non-human life on Earth.The study consists of three interrelated parts. In the first part, anthropocentric environmental ethics has been analyzed in terms of value and its characteristichas been determined. In the second part, ecocentric environmental ethics has been analyzed in the term of value and characteristic of ecocentricism has been determined too. In part three, anthropocentric and ecocentric environmental ethics of the deep ecology approach has been analyzed in the context of the determined characteristics. Anthropocentrism has the view that only human beings are intrinsically valuable. However, ecocentrism attributes intrinsic value both to the human beings and the non-human world. Deep ecology, having the notion that all natural entities (living or non-living) have intrinsic value, deviates from the anthropocentric point of view.Athropocentrism attributes instrumental value to the non-human world. The non-human world is valuable insofar as it can be utilized for the human beings.Such an instrumentalist position contrasts sharply with the ecocentric notionof intrinsic value. In deep ecology, like ecocentrism, all living and non-livingentities have their own interests and are attributed intrinsic value irrespective of whether they are beneficial to human beings. In other words, they are not assigned instrumental value.In the study it has been found that the value approach adopted by the deep ecology movement contain properties of both anthropocentrism and ecocentrism but the properties of ecocentrism weighs heavily.
The aim of the study is to reveal by analyzing how the deep ecological movement, which has often started to be on the agenda in recent years, adopts a value approach. In this context, the deep ecological approach was studied in the framework of the views of Arne Naess, who found and developed the concept in terms of human-centric and environmental ethics. One of the basic elements of deep ecology is the concept of value. There are also two principles related to the concept of value of the deep ecology platform.1-The good condition and development of human and non-human life on Earth is worthwhile. These values are independent of whether the non-human world is useful for human purposes. The wealth and diversity of life forms contribute to the realization of these values and is a value for themselves.The work consists of three main parts connected to each other. In the first section of the value concept, human-centered environmental ethics has been analyzed and characterized. In the second part, the environmental ethics is analyzed in the framework of the value concept and the characteristics of environmental ethics are determined in general.In the context of these characteristics, in the third part, the deep ecological approach is analyzed in the framework of human and environmental ethics. In human centralism, the only being with internal value is seen as a human, but in environmentalism, the creatures outside of man also have internal value. The view that in the deep ecology there is the inner value of everything that exists in nature (live-free) removes it from the human-centric approach. Human centralism sees the creatures outside of man as tools that can be used to address human needs. While environmentalism is based on the perception of internal value, it is entirely against the instrumentalization of the beings in nature. In deep ecology, in a way similar to environmentalism, every living or non-live being has an output and an internal value regardless of its benefits to humans. It does not charge them a vehicle value. The study found that the value approach adopted by the deep ecological movement is partially home to the characteristics of both human and environmental, but the characteristics of environmental are heavier. Abstract The purpose of the study is to analyze what kind of value approach is adopted by the deep ecology which is frequently on the agenda. In this regard, the deep ecology approach has been investigated, in terms of anthropocentric and ecocentric environmental influences by employing the work of Arne Naess, who found and developed the concept. One of the fundamental elements of deep ecology is the concept of value. In addition, the concept of deep ecology platform has two principles on the concept of value. The value of non-human life forms is independent of the usefulness these may have for narrow human purposes.2-Richness and diversity of life forms are values in themselves and contribute to the flourishing of human and non-human life on Earth.The study consists of three interrelated parts. In the first part, anthropocentric environmental ethics has been analyzed in terms of value and its characteristics have been determined. In the second part, ecocentric environmental ethics has been analyzed in the term of value and characteristic of ecocentricism has been determined too. In part three, anthropocentric and ecocentric environmental ethics of the deep ecology approach has been analyzed in the context of the determined characteristics. Anthropocentrism has the view that only human beings are intrinsically valuable. However, ecocentrism attributes intrinsic value both to the human beings and the non-human world. Deep ecology, having the notion that all natural entities (living or non-living) have intrinsic value, deviates from the anthropocentric point of view. The non-human world is valuable insofar as it can be used for the human beings.Such an instrumentalist position contrasts sharply with the ecocentric notion of intrinsic value. In deep ecology, like ecocentrism, all living and non-livingentities have their own interests and are attributed intrinsic value regardless of whether they are beneficial to human beings. In other words, they are not assigned instrumental value.In the study it has been found that the value approach adopted by the deep ecology movement contains properties of both anthropocentrism and ecocentrism but the properties of ecocentrism weigh heavy.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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