Özet:

The city known as Yathrib in pre-Islamic times, with a history dating back to ancient times, is an important city in Arabia. Due to its water sources and agricultural lands, many communities have settled in Yathrib. This article focuses on the Jewish communities that settled in Yathrib, as well as the subsequent arrival of the Aws and Khazraj tribes and their relationship with the Jews. The origins of the Jewish community have been a subject of evaluation, particularly among Muslim historians, but a consensus has not been reached. However, it is undisputed that the Arab inhabitants of Yathrib have their roots in Yemen. The Aws and Khazraj tribes of Qahtani descent are branches of the Ezd tribe, which migrated northwards from Yemen. The pre-Islamic religious and social structures of these two communities in Medina, as well as their relations with each other, directly influenced Medina after the Hijrah (migration of the Prophet Muhammad). Initially, the prevailing war customs between them resulted in Arab victory, followed by the establishment of a practical political environment. After the Arab victory, the Jews continued to exert influence over the city’s commercial life but occasionally formed partnerships with the Arabs. It is observed that the Jews of Medina had weak connections with the rest of the Jewish world. This situation led them to develop much closer relationships with the Arabs and be influenced by them. While assimilating to a great extent with Arab customs in terms of language and culture, the Jews did not lose their distinct identity and differed from the polytheistic Arabs in matters of faith.

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