Özet:

We identify new religious orthodoxies as a type of religious movement. Neither liberal adaptation nor fundamentalist rejection, they embrace much of modern life even as they attempt to submit that life to a sacred, moral order. Their prevalence calls into question social science theories that view religious movements as reactions to crises associated with contacts with modernity or the West, or with failed states. These theories especially characterize International Relations scholarship of Islamic movements: state-centered and assuming binaries of modern versus traditional, secular versus religious, political versus cultural, they cannot adequately interpret new religious orthodoxies. We report on the first author’s study of Islamic revival in Turkey, termed Muslimism. In Turkey since the 1980s, the lines between the state and the bourgeoisie, and secular and religious have been challenged. An emerging Muslim middle class uses capitalist markets, civic associations, and political parties as “sites of cultural hybridity” to redraw these boundaries by formulating a “modernity without guilt” and an “Islam without apology.” New religious orthodoxies while often nationalistic tend toward global orientations and action. We identify mechanisms of contemporary Turkish Muslimism for influencing international institutions, and we draw implications for rethinking IR assumptions about religion, global processes, and the international

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