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Fen bilimlerinin daha çok kullandığı deney tekniği, 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren hukukçuların ve sosyal bilimcilerin de uğraş alanına girmeye başlamıştır. Bu alanlarda deney; bir kural, bir yetki ya da mekanizmayı test ya da tecrübe etmek olarak tanımlanabilir. Kural, yetki ya da mekanizma belli bir alanda test edilerek izlenmesinin ardından elde edilen sonuçlara göre ya ülke genelinde genelleştirilecek ya (değiştirilerek) tekrar denenecek ya da top yekûn terk edilecektir. Fransa’da 1960’lardan itibaren kullanılan bu araç, nihayetinde 2003 Anayasa reformuyla anayasal bir nitelik kazanmıştır. Hem devlet hem de yerel yönetimler ve birlikleri bu uygulamayı yönetebilmektedirler. Yerel deney, hükümet tarafından çizilen hukuki sınırlar çerçevesinde deney uygulamasının yerel yönetimler ve birliklerince yönetilmesi olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Yerelin ve ihtiyaçlarının çeşitliliği göz önünde bulundurularak bu birimlerin idari, mali kapasitelerine bağlı olarak farklılaştırılmış politikaların geliştirilmesine izin verdiğinden yerel deney, Türk hukukuna yabancı incelenmesi gereken bir kavramdır. Ayrıca deneye konu olan uygulama, ülke geneline yaygınlaştırılmadan önce belirlenen alanda test edilme imkânı bulacağından, somut bulgular ışığında yetki paylaşımında rasyonelleşme sağlanacaktır. Bu sebeple çalışmanın konusunu, Fransa’da uygulanan yerel deney aracı oluşturmaktadır. Öncelikli olarak yerel deney aracının yasal kaynağı, prosedürü ve denetim yöntemleri incelenmektedir. Ardından merkez-yerel ve yerel yönetsel birimler arasında gerçekleşen yetki paylaşımını rasyonelleştirmek için kullanılan deney aracının subsidiarite ilkesiyle ilişkisi açıklanmaktadır.
The experimental technique, which is used more frequently by the sciences, began to be involved in the field of lawyers and social scientists since the second half of the 20th century. The experiment in these areas can be defined as testing or experiencing a rule, a competence or a mechanism. According to the results obtained after testing or proving a rule, an authority or a mechanism in a certain area, it will be generalized throughout the country or will be retreated or completely abandoned. This instrument, which has been used in France since the 1960s, eventually gained a constitutional character with the constitutional reform in 2003. Both central and local governments and their unions can manage this practice. Local experiment is defined as the experimental practice by the local authorities and their unions within the framework of the legal limits drawn by the government. The local experiment is an unfamiliar concept for the Turkish law that needs to be examined, as it allows the development of differentiated policies depending on the administrative and financial capacities of these units considering the diversity of the local and its needs. In addition, the application subject to the experiment will have the opportunity to be tested in the defined area before it becomes widespread throughout the country, the rationalization of the sharing competences will be ensured in the light of concrete evidence. Therefore, the subject of this study is the local experiment applied in France. Firstly, the legal source, procedure and control mechanisms of the local experiment are explained. Then, the relevance of this practice to the principle of subsidiarity is examined in order to rationalize the competence sharing between central-local and local administrative units.
The experimental technique, which is used more frequently by the sciences, began to be involved in the field of lawyers and social scientists since the second half of the 20th century. The experiment in these areas can be defined as testing or experiencing a rule, a competence or a mechanism. According to the results obtained after testing or proving a rule, an authority or a mechanism in a certain area, it will be generalized throughout the country or will be retried or completely abandoned. This instrument, which has been used in France since the 1960s, eventually gained a constitutional character with the constitutional reform in 2003. Both central and local governments and their unions can manage this practice. Local experiment is defined as the experimental practice by the local authorities and their unions within the framework of the legal limits drawn by the government. The local experiment is an unfamiliar concept for the Turkish law that needs to be examined, as it allows the development of differentiated policies depending on the administrative and financial capacities of these units considering the diversity of the local and its needs. In addition, the application subject to the experiment will have the opportunity to be tested in the defined area before it becomes widespread throughout the country, rationalization of the sharing competences will be ensured in the light of concrete evidences. Therefore, the subject of this study is the local experiment applied in France. Firstly, the legal source, procedure and control mechanisms of the local experiment are explained. Then, the relevance of this practice to the principle of subsidiarity is examined in order to rationalize the competence sharing between central-local and local administrative units.
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