Özet:

Gerunds (деепричастие) are used to indicate the occurrence and style of the other action that takes place synchronously (simultaneously) with the action of the verb in the main proposition. It is a type of action without conjugation. However, although in Bulgarian gerunds are a type of verb without conjugation in Bulgarian, their formation is not outside the conjugation system. Since conjugation comes into question, the relationship with tense also emerges. In Bulgarian, in the formation of the gerunds, the tense forming the beginning is needed in order to determine the conjugation. The starting point for conjugated or not conjugated forms of Bulgarian verbs and active or passive formations is the present continuous tense (сегашно време). The main reason for this situation is that there is no infinitive form of verbs in Bulgarian. The formation of the gerunds according to the conjugation and the present continuous tense also gives a role to the aspect. The connection of conjugation with tense and aspect in Bulgarian is effective on formation. The effect of this formation on not conjugated verbs (нелични / нефинитни форми на глагола) is parallel to conjugated verbs (лични / финитни форми на глагола). For example, we can explain the formation of gerunds, which are the type of not conjugated verbs, on the basis of their roles in conjugated verbs through the relationship between conjugation, tense and aspect triad. The role of the aspect on the formation of the gerunds is also related to the meaning. Synchronous action shows continuity. Therefore, gerunds in Bulgarian only consist of verbs in imperfective aspect (несвършен). In our study, the formation of gerunds in Bulgarian will be examined in terms of their equivalent function to other morphological fields and writing rules.

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