Abstract:

This research, Caliph II. It includes the reform policy in Iraq from 1876 to the period of Abdulhamid's caliphate. Because with his wise policy, he was able to make a significant leap in quality in all Ottoman states in general and in Arab states in particular. Iraq took a special priority in the foreign policy of Sultan Abdulhamid, because he realized the intense pursuit of the British to invade Iraq for his political interests. Because Iraq represented the main focus of these interests in the Arabian Gulf. For this reason, he appointed competent governors to administer Iraq. During his reign, he tried to regulate state affairs and implement a reform package through these governors, who ruled Iraq, and succeeded in ensuring security and stability in Iraq until the end of his reign. Sultan Abdulhamid gave special importance to the construction of telegraph lines in order to strengthen the communication and communication between the Ottoman provinces and the center of the caliphate, Istanbul, to ensure security and stability throughout the Empire against external dangers, and to protect the borders. In addition to ensuring the internal security of Iraq, many mosques and schools were built and renovated in Baghdad due to the importance of these activities in the scientific development of the Ottoman Empire in general. This special interest in Iraq was reflected in the prosperity of the Iraqi province during the reign of Abdulhamid II. These works confirm the vision of the Ottoman Caliph and what a correct policy he followed. Many of them have survived to the present day. The successful performances of the governors who served in Iraq during his reign are proud.

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