Abstract:

Kant’s ethics, as in his philosophy of knowledge, aims to be a constative ethics that is tried to be built on apriori foundations. The source of ethics consists of judgments, which are necessarily derived from the concept of reason and the “intelligent being”. The most important of these judgments is the 'moral law' that applies to every intelligent entity. In order to show that man is a moral being, Kant initially suggests three postulates in order to base the fact that man can act independently of nature causality. These are the concepts of freedom, immortality of the soul, and God. However, it is not enough for human freedom to be able to act outside of nature causality. In order to be free, it is also necessary to “ask” in accordance with moral law. Kant's conception of God is a passive one, as in Christianity. In this sense, it is closer to deism. However, there is a need for God in order for these concepts, such as happiness and virtue, to come together by chance, to achieve the "highest good". And this means an active understanding of God. Kant objects to ontological and cosmological evidence trying to prove God's existence. He suggests that God's existence cannot be proved, but God is needed to act morally, so he moots an nonassertive evidence called moral proof. The nature of the existence of God and immortality of the soul, which Kant, who bases the moral mobility of people with the concept of freedom, resorted to eliminate the despair that hinders action according to moral law, is also unknown. Kant states that as the source of morality, it must be reason, not God, but God is needed to achieve the highest good. Kant ethics has become a secular-speaking theist way of thinking in a sense.

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