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Edebi metinlerin inceleme nesnesi olduğu modern edebiyat bilimi, 21. yüzyılın sunduğu dijital araç ve uygulamaları bilimsel yöntemsel yaklaşımlarına ekleyerek, diğer bir deyişle, yöntemlerini, sayısallaştırılan edebi metinleri günümüz araçlarıyla inceleyebilecek şekilde güncelleyerek gelişmektedir. Bu ilerleme içerisinde estetik alanın bir dalı olan edebiyat da bir yandan bu dijitalleşmeyi yansıtıp tartışırken diğer tarafta metinsellik yönüyle de buna dönüşmektedir. Üçüncü ve dördüncü sanayi devrimleriyle dijitalleşen edebi metinler yalnızca bir arayüze kavuşmakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda çevrimiçi olmayı ve bu yolla geleneksel kitap medyasından çok daha geniş bir erişim potansiyeline ulaşmaktadırlar. Alımlama açısından bakıldığında edebi metinlerin bu dönüşümlerinin onların hem alımlannma oranlarını arttırmış olduğunu hem de okura yeni bir okuma biçimi sağladığını saptayabiliriz. Bu şekilde geleneksel alımlama biçimlerine ilaveten edebi metinleri dijital metnin yapısı gereği ‘arama’ yaparak yeni bir okuma modu eklemlenmiştir. Bu modun geleneksel alımlama biçimlerini ortadan kaldırarak tamamen onların yerini mi alacağı veya onlarla birlikte bir alternatif olarak mı gelişeceği hakkında henüz net bir çıkarım yapmak mümkün değildir, zira günümüzde salt elektronik kitap olarak yayımlanan yayınlar bulunurken, sadece basılı kitap veya elektronik kitap olarak yayımlanan yayınları da görmekteyiz. Bu çeşitlilik içerisinde edebi metinlerde dijitalleşme şu şekilde sınıflandırılabilir: birincisi doğrudan elektronik metin olarak üretilen metinler, ikincisi de dijital evre öncesi eski edebi metinlerin dijitalleştirilmesi olgusu. Bu çalışmada ele alınan ikinci grup dahilinde bulunan edebi metinlerden Avusturyalı yazar Robert Musil’in külliyatıdır. Yazarın hem hayattayken yayımlanmış hem de ölümünden sonra ortaya çıkan metinleri dijitalleştirilerek bilimsel yöntemsel bir biçimde yeniden derlenerek okurlara ve bilim insanlarına yeni yorumsal açılımlar sunarken eski derlemelerde yanıtı bulunamamış sorunsallara yeni yaklaşımlar getirilebilmiştir.
The modern literary science, which is the subject of the study of literary texts, develops by adding the digital tools and applications of the 21st century to its scientific methodological approaches, in other words by updating its methods, in order to study numerized literary texts with the modern tools. In this progress, literature, which is a branch of the aesthetic field, on the one hand reflects and discusses this digitalization and on the other hand turns to it in the textistic direction. The literary texts digitalized by the Third and Fourth Industrial Revolutions not only reached an interface but also reached an online potential and thus achieved a much broader access than the traditional book media. From the point of view of acquisition, we can assume that these transformations of literary texts have both increased their acquisition rates and provided a new form of reading to the reader. In this way, a new reading mode has been added to the literary texts, in addition to the traditional forms of acquisition, by making 'search' according to the digital text structure. It is not yet possible to make a clear conclusion about whether this mode will completely replace them by eliminating the traditional forms of acquisition or develop as an alternative with them, since today there are publications published as a purely electronic book, but we see only publications published as a printed book or electronic book. In this diversity, digitalization in literary texts can be classified as follows: first, the texts produced directly as electronic texts, and second, the phenomenon of the digitalization of ancient literary texts before the digital phase. The second group of literary texts discussed in this study is the colony of the Austrian writer Robert Musil. The writer’s text published during his lifetime and after his death was digitalized and reassembled in a scientific methodological way, offering new interpretative opening to readers and scientists, and new approaches to the problems that were unresolved in the old editions were introduced.
Modern literary studies, which examines texts that are considered literary, attempts to apply in the 21st century contemporary digital research methods and applications or to handle digitized texts with correspondingly upgraded literary text analysis methods. This upgrading leads to a constant renewal of classical philological text procedures. In this context, literature, as part of aesthetics or art, undergoes a double process: on the one hand, it reflects and discusses digitization as a phenomenon and, on the other hand, it transforms itself - at least on a textual level - into a digitized form. The digitization of literary texts began in the course of the 3rd and 4th Industrial Revolutions. The digitized texts were upgraded through interface expansion and online access options, so that they could reach a wider audience than the classic medium (printed book). From the point of view of reception aesthetics, it can be stated that this change in literary texts has both increased their reception quota and made innovative reception possibilities available to the reader. In this respect, for example, the classic reception methods were expanded by the new, digital possibilities of 'searching' (within the text). From today's perspective, it is difficult to assess whether this new mode would completely wipe out the old reception methods or it would only develop as an alternative, since both text versions, printed text and electronic text, coexist and continue to be used. Given this diversity, the digitization of literary texts can be classified as follows: firstly, texts that are written down in electronic form ab initio, and secondly, old texts that are digitized after their creation.
The texts dealt with in the present study, relate to the complete edition of the Austrian author Robert Musil and belong to the second group. The fully digitized Klagenfurt Musil Complete Edition will be discussed and explained in this article as a result of the latest industrial revolution.
Furthermore, it should be explained with which new text accesses and interpretation possibilities the digitized complete edition has enriched the literary science in comparison with the old editions of the Musil.
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