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TMK m. 323 hükmü uyarınca “ana ve babadan her biri, velayeti altında bulunmayan veya kendisine bırakılmayan çocuk ile uygun kişisel ilişki kurulmasını isteme hakkına sahiptir”. Anılan madde hükmünde sadece ana baba yönünden ifade edilmişse de kişisel ilişki kurma hakkı, karşılıklı olup hem ana babanın hem de çocuğun kişilik hakkına dahildir. Kişisel ilişkinin düzenlenmesinde yönlendirici temel düşünce, çocuğun yararı olmakla birlikte, çocuğun iradesi de dikkate alınmalıdır. Zira çocuğun görüşünün alınması, diğer ifadeyle çocuğun dinlenilmesi, çocuğun kişilik hakkının doğrudan bir sonucudur. Çocuğun iradesi, çocuğun yararı ile her zaman örtüşmeyebilir. Bununla birlikte çocuğun iradesi, çocuğun kişiliğinin parçası olarak kişisel ilişki kurma hakkının belirlenmesinde göz ardı edilmemelidir. Diğer taraftan çocuğun iradesi, kişisel ilişki kurma hakkının gerçekleştirilmesi sırasında da dikkate alınmalıdır. Özellikle çocuğun kişisel ilişkiye direnmesi halinde çocuk, buna zorlanmamalıdır. Türk hukukunda çocukla kişisel ilişki kurulmasına ilişkin mahkeme kararlarının yerine getirilmesi, İcra ve İflâs Kanununun 25/a ve 25/b maddeleri çerçevesinde düzenlenmiştir. Kişisel ilişkinin gerekirse zorla gerçekleştirilebileceğini öngören bu düzenleme, çocuğun yararını olumsuz etkileyebilecek bir uygulamaya yol açabilecek niteliktedir. Çocukla kişisel ilişki kurulmasına ilişkin hükümlerin, çocuğun yararı ile birlikte çocuğun iradesini de dikkate alan bir bakış açısıyla gözden geçirilmesi isabetli olacaktır. Kişisel ilişki kurulmasını istemenin çocuk yönünden de bir hak olduğu ve bu konuda çocuğun görüşünün alınması gerekliği, Türk hukukuna dâhil uluslararası sözleşmeler çerçevesinde kabul edilmiş bulunmaktadır. Ancak bu husus, Türk Medeni Kanunu temelinde de vurgulanmalıdır. Kişisel ilişki kurma hakkının gerçekleştirilmesi ise İcra ve İflâs Kanunu dışında düzenlenmelidir.
In accordance with Article 323 of the Code of Conduct, “Every mother and father has the right to request the establishment of an appropriate personal relationship with the child who is not under custody or who is not left to him.” The right to establish a personal relationship is mutual and includes both the right of the parent and the child to personality. The guiding basic thought in the organization of the personal relationship is the benefit of the child, but the will of the child should also be taken into account. The adoption of the child’s opinion, in other words, the rest of the child, is a direct result of the child’s right to personality. The will of the child may not always coincide with the benefit of the child. However, the will of the child should not be neglected in determining the right to establish a personal relationship as part of the child’s personality. On the other hand, the will of the child should also be taken into account when the right to establish a personal relationship is exercised. Especially if the child is resistant to the personal relationship, the child should not be compelled to do so. The implementation of court decisions on the establishment of personal relations with the child in Turkish law is regulated in accordance with Articles 25/a and 25/b of the Law of the Republic of Turkey and of the Republic of Turkey. This arrangement, which provides that the personal relationship may be forced to be implemented if necessary, may lead to a practice that may negatively affect the child’s interest. It is appropriate to review the provisions concerning the establishment of personal relations with the child from a perspective that takes into account the will of the child, along with the benefit of the child. The request for a personal relationship is a right in the child’s mind, and the need for the child’s opinion in this regard has been accepted in the framework of international agreements, including the Turkish law. However, this must be emphasized on the basis of the Turkish Civil Law. The right to establish a personal relationship should be exercised outside the law of the Islamic State and of the Islamic State.
As per Article 323 of the Turkish Civil Code: “Either of the mother and father, who have not been granted parental custody or whose child is not resident with them, are entitled to request the establishment of a reasonable contact with the child.” Although the aforementioned article has been construed in relation only to the mother and father, a request for establishing a personal relationship is reciprocal and is included in not only the mother and father’s but also the child’s personality right. While the main leading factor in regulating the personal relationship is the interest of the child, the child’s will should also be taken into consideration. This is because obtaining the child’s view, or in other words, listening of the child, is a direct outcome of the child’s personality right. The will of the child may not always align with the interest of the child. Nevertheless, as a part of the child’s personality, the will of the child should not be disregarded in regulating the personal relationship. The child’s will should also be taken into consideration during the realization of the right to establish a personal relationship. Especially, if the child resists the personal relationship, he/she should not be forced to the contrary. In Turkish law, forcible enforcement of court decisions regarding the establishment of a personal relationship with the child is regulated in articles 25/a and 25/b of the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law. These provisions which stipulate that the personal relationship can be forcibly realized, if required, are of a nature that may result in a practice that could negatively impact the interest of the child. The provisions regarding establishing a personal relationship with the child should be re-evaluated with a view that considers the interest and the will of the child. That the right to request establishing a personal relationship is also a right of the child, and that obtaining the child’s opinion is a requirement have been established in international agreements, which are also part of the Turkish law. This aspect, however, should also be emphasised on the basis of the Turkish Civil Code; and the realization of the right to establish personal relationship should be regulated outside the scope of the Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law.
Field : Hukuk
Journal Type : Ulusal
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