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Yağlı tohumlu bitkiler arasında yer alan ayçiçeğinden, yağ, küspe ve biyodizel üretilmektedir. Dünya yağlı tohum üretiminde üçüncü sırada olan ayçiçeği, Türkiye’de en fazla ekim alanına ve üretim miktarına sahip yağ bitkisi olup, Türkiye’nin bitkisel yağ ihtiyacının %50’sini karşılamaktadır. İnsan beslenmesinde önemli yeri olan ayçiçeğine olan talep, artan dünya nüfusu ve son yıllarda yaşanılan küresel salgının etkisiyle hızla artmakta ve bu durum üretimde kendine yeterli olmayan dünya ülkelerini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle gıda güvencesi ve kendine yeterlilik kavramları, ülkeler açısından ön plana çıkmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği (AB)’ndeki ayçiçek yağı üretimini gıda güvencesi ve kendine yeterlilik açısından değerlendirmek ve ortaya çıkan sorunlara çözüm önerileri getirmektir. Bu kapsamda, dünya, Türkiye ve AB’de ayçiçek yağının üretim, ithalat, ihracat, tüketim ve kendine yeterlilik düzeyi bakımından istatistiksel verilerle incelenmesi ve gıda güvencesi durumunun ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın ana materyalini, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK), Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü (FAO), Tarımsal Ekonomi ve Politika Geliştirme Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü (TEPGE), Uluslararası Gıda Politikası Araştırma Enstitüsü (IFPRI)’den elde edilen veriler ile konuyla ilgili kaynak ve raporlar oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada istatistiksel veriler değerlendirilirken 2004/05-2018/19 üretim dönemleri arasındaki 15 dönem esas alınmıştır. 2018 yılı dünya ayçiçek yağı üretiminin %80.83’ü Ukrayna (5148606 ton), Rusya Federasyonu (4642815 ton), AB (28) (8783416 ton) ve Arjantin (1304700 ton) tarafından karşılanmaktadır. Türkiye, dünya ayçiçek yağı üretiminde %7.1’lik paya sahiptir. 2019/2020 üretim döneminde dünya ayçiçek yağı ithalatının %35.4’ü, ayçiçeği tohumu ithalatının %77.3’ü Türkiye ve AB (28) tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Türkiye’de ayçiçek yağı üretim miktarı, tüketimi karşılayamadığı için tüketim açığının ithalat yoluyla karşılanması en önemli sorundur. Gıda güvencesinin önemli bir göstergesi olan kendine yeterlilik bakımından, stratejik öneme sahip yağlık ayçiçeğinin üretiminin artırılarak sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması için gerekli tedbirler alınmalıdır.
It is produced from the grain, which is located among the oil seed plants, oil, cabbage and biodiesel. The oil plant, which is the third in the world’s fat seed production, is the oil plant with the most October area and production quantity in Turkey, and it meets 50% of Turkey’s vegetable oil demand. The demand for a major place in human nutrition is rapidly increasing with the influence of the growing world population and the global epidemic in recent years, which has a negative impact on the world countries that are not self-sufficient in production. Therefore, food security and self-sufficiency concepts are at the forefront of countries. The aim of the study is to evaluate the production of peanut oil in Turkey and the European Union (EU) in terms of food security and self-sufficiency and to bring suggestions for solutions to the problems arising. In this context, the aim is to study the production, imports, exports, consumption and self-sufficiency levels of peanut oil in the world, Turkey and the EU with statistical data and to reveal the status of food security. The main material of the study is the data obtained from the Turkish Statistical Authority (TUIK), the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the Department of Agricultural Economy and Policy Development (TEPGE), the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and related sources and reports. The study was based on 15 periods between 2004/05-2018/19 production periods while statistical data were evaluated. In 2018, 80.83 percent of the world oil production is covered by Ukraine (5148606 tons), the Russian Federation (4642815 tons), the EU (28) (8783416 tons) and Argentina (1304700 tons). Turkey has a global oil production share of 7.1%. In the 2019/2020 production period, 35.4 percent of the world’s oil imports and 77.3 percent of the oil imports were made by Turkey and the EU (28). In Turkey, the amount of oil production is the most important problem, because it cannot meet consumption, the consumption gap is addressed through import. In terms of self-capacity, which is an important indicator of food security, it is necessary to take the necessary measures to ensure its sustainability by increasing the production of strategic importance of oil peanut butter.
Oil, pulp, and biodiesel are produced from sunflower, which is among the oilseed plants. Sunflower, which ranks third in world oilseed production, is the oil plant with the largest cultivation area and production amount in Turkey and meets 50% of Turkey's vegetable oil need. The demand for sunflower, which has an important place in human nutrition, is increasing rapidly with the effect of the increasing world population and the pandemic experienced in recent years, and this situation negatively affects the world countries that are not self-sufficient in production. For this reason, the concepts of food security and self-sufficiency come to the fore in terms of countries. The aim of the study is to evaluate sunflower oil production in Turkey and the European Union (EU) in terms of food security and self-sufficiency and to offer solutions to the emerging problems. In this context, it is aimed to examine the sunflower oil production, import, export, consumption, and self-sufficiency level with statistical data in the world, Turkey, and the EU and to reveal the food security situation. The main material of the study is the information, related resources, and data obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK), United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Agricultural Economy and Policy Development Institute (TEPGE), International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). While evaluating the statistical data in the study, the 15 years between 2004/05-2018/19 production periods were taken as a basis. 80.83% of world sunflower oil production in 2018 is met by Ukraine (5148606 tons), Russia Federation (4642815 tons), EU (28) (8783416 tons), and Argentina (1304700 tons). Turkey has a share of 7.1% of world sunflower oil production. In the 2019/2020 production period, 35.4% of world sunflower oil imports and 77.3% of sunflower seed imports were realized by Turkey and the EU (28). Since the amount of sunflower oil production in Turkey cannot meet the consumption, meeting the consumption deficit through imports is the most important problem. In terms of self-sufficiency, which is an important indicator of food security, necessary measures should be taken to increase the production of strategically important sunflower oil and to ensure its sustainability.
Alan : Fen Bilimleri ve Matematik; Mühendislik
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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