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Sovyetler Birliği’nin Afganistan’a müdahale ettiği 1980’lı yıllar, Selefilik gibi İslam’ın en radikal yorumu ile hareket edencihadi örgütlerin ortaya çıktığı dönem olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bu dönemde birçok Selefi grup ve örgütler tarafından önce Sovyetler Birliği’ne daha sonra A.B.D. ve Batılı ülkelere karşı küresel bir cephe oluşturularak cihat adına savaş ilan edilmiştir. Daha sonra bu küresel cepheye liderlik yapan El Kaide terör örgütünün kurucusu Usame bin Ladin’in yardımı ile günümüzde dünyanın en tehlikeli ve aykırı terör örgütü konumuna gelen ve IŞİD olarak da bilinen İslam Devleti örgütünün 1999 yılında kuruluşununilk adımı atılmıştır. Dünyada tek bir Müslüman devletin dahi olmadığı inanışına sahip olan ve yeniden hilafeti öncelikle Ortado-ğu’da daha sonra da tüm dünyada canlandırmayı amaçla-yan IŞİD, 2003 Irak işgali sonrasında bölgede kendini göstermesiyle birlikte, 2011’de ve ardından devam eden süre içinde, Irak’ın batı bölgelerinde ve Suriye’nin doğusunda geniş bir coğrafyayı işgal edip bu alanlarda hilafeti ilan etmeyi başardı. Ayrıca IŞİD gerçekleştirdiği işgaller neticesinde insan gücü, askeri yeterlilik, malikaynaklar ve propaganda yönünden yalnızca hâkim olduğu bölgelerde değil aynı zamanda tüm dünyaya korku salan bir tehdit unsuru haline gelmiştir. Bu makale IŞİD’in uzun yıllar uğraş verdiği yapılanma süreci içeri-sinde öncelikle oluşum kuruluş ve devletleşme aşamaları aktarılarak tartışılmıştır. Akabinde uluslararası alanda devletlerin IŞİD ile nasıl bir mücadele ve stratejik yön-temler uyguladıklarına değinilerek örgütün son halinden bahsedilmiştir.
The 1980s, when the Soviet Union interfered in Afghanistan, are referred to as the period of the emergence of the most radical interpretation of Islam, such as Selephism. During this period, many Selephic groups and organizations first entered the Soviet Union and then the United States. and a global front against the Western countries was declared war in the name of the jihad. With the help of the founder of the terrorist organization Al-Qaeda, Usame bin Ladin, which later led this global front, the first step was taken in the establishment of the Islamic State organization, also known as ISIS, which is now the most dangerous and anti-terrorist organization in the world. The Islamic State, which has the belief that there is no single Muslim state in the world and that it is intended to revive its allies first in the Middle East and then throughout the world, with its manifestation in the region after the 2003 Iraqi occupation, in 2011 and during the continued period, it has managed to occupy a wide geography in the western regions of Iraq and in the east of Syria and to declare allies in these areas. In addition, as a result of its occupations, ISIS has become a threat element not only in the areas where it is ruled in terms of human power, military capacity, property and propaganda, but also the whole world. This article has been discussed in the construction process that ISIS has been working for many years, primarily by transmitting the formation and state-making stages. In the end, the organization has been discussed on the end of the international scope, referring to the state’s struggle with ISIS and strategic guidelines implemented.
1980s are remembered for the Soviet Union invasion of Afghanistan and it is also the period when Islamic jihad organizations that act with the most radical Islamic mo-vements like Salafism emerged. In this period, many Salafist groups and organizations declared jihad creating a global front first against Soviet Union then against USA and Western countries. Later on, the Islamic State organi-zation (also known as ISIS) had taken its first steps in 1999 which has later become the most dangerous and outrageous terror organization in the world in recent years with the help of Al-Qaeda’s founder Usame Bin Ladin who was the leader of this global front. ISIS believed that there is not a single Muslim State in the world existed and aimed to start a khilafat movement first in Middle East then in the whole world. After 2003 Iraq Invasion, ISIS emerged in the region. In 2011 and in the ongoing period, it managed to establish khilafat after invading a wide area including western regions of Iraq and eastern side of Syria. Besides, ISIS has become a threat that spreads fear not only in the regions it has been ruling, but also in all over the world in terms of manpower, military sufficiency, financial resources and propaganda as a result of its inva-sions. This study investigates the period between 2003 to 2017, when ISIS established khilafat which was an impor-tant period in Iraq’s political history and, it analyses the importance of local conditions for the organization’s emergence, its gathering such strength and its expan-sion.After that, the last stage of the organization has been mentioned by discussing how the states have implemented a strategy against ISIS.
Alan : Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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