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Tarihin en eski ticaret yollarından biri İpek Yolu’dur. Çin’den Avrupa’ya kadar kervanların yol aldığı bu yolun hâkimiyetini elinde bulunduran devletler zenginleşmişler, buna karşılık yol üzerindeki önemli noktalara kervansaraylar, hanlar yapmayı yolun güvenliğini sağlamayı kendilerine bir görev bilmişlerdir. İpek Yolu’nun büyük bir kısmı Türkistan coğrafyasından geçtiğinden başlangıçtan 19. yüzyıla kadar da İpek Yolu’nu kontrol eden Türkler olmuştur. Türkler yol üzerindeki hâkimiyetini devam ettirmek için kendi aralarında veya farklı devletlerle sayısız mücadeleye girişmişlerdir. Çin’in en büyük kaynağı ipeğe bağlı olduğu için de tarihin hemen hemen her devresinde en uzun mücadele Çin ile Türkler arasında olmuştur. İpek Yolu’ndaki en önemli ticaret merkezi ise Doğu Türkistan’dı. Bu yüzden en büyük savaşlar Doğu Türkistan’ı ele geçirmek veya Doğu Türkistan’ı elde tutmak için yapılmıştır. Çin, tarihte ve bugün Uygur Türklerinin vatanı olan Doğu Türkistan’ı 19. yüzyılın sonunda hâkimiyeti altına almıştır. Günümüzde ise Çin, tarihî İpek Yolu’nu canlandırarak dünya ticaretinde söz sahibi olmak istemektedir. İpek Yolu’nun kavşak noktasında bulunan Doğu Türkistan, Türklerin ana vatanı, Türk-İslam medeniyetinin yeşerdiği coğrafya olmasından dolayı bir gün ellerinden çıkabileceği endişesiyle bölgedeki Türkleri ve kültürlerini topyekûn yok etme politikası uygulamaktadır. Yaklaşık 2000 yıldan beri Türklere önemli ekonomik ve ticari kazançlar sağlayan İpek Yolu, Çin’in yeni İpek Yolu projesiyle Uygur Türklerinin bölgedeki varlığını ciddi manada tehdit etmektedir. Bu makalede tarihi bilgiler ve belgeler ışığında tarihi ve yeni İpek Yolu projesi bağlamında Uygur Türklerinin rolü ele alınmaktadır.
One of the oldest trade routes in history is the Silk Road. The states that have the dominance of the road from China to Europe that the kervanes lead have become wealthy, and in turn the main points on the road have been known for their duty to build houses, and to ensure the safety of the road. Since much of the Silk Road passed through the geography of Turkistan, from the beginning to the 19th century there were Turks who controlled the Silk Road. The Turks have engaged in countless struggles between themselves or with different states to continue their sovereignty on the road. Since China’s largest resource is connected to the wire, it has been the longest struggle between China and the Turks in almost every circle of history. The main trade center on the Silk Road was East Turkistan. Therefore, the greatest wars were made to conquer East Turkistan or retain East Turkistan. China, in history and today the homeland of the Uyghur Turks, took the domination of East Turkistan at the end of the 19th century. Nowadays, China wants to be a leader in world trade by reviving the historic Silk Road. Eastern Turkistan, located at the crossroads of the Silk Road, is the main country of the Turks, with the concern that one day the Turkish and Islamic civilization can get out of their hands because of the geography it is green. The Silk Road, which has provided significant economic and commercial profits to Turks for
One of the oldest trade routes at past is the Silk Road. The states that have dominated this road, where the caravans continually traveled from China to Europe, have enriched, and on the other hand, they have seen a duty for themselves to make caravanserais and inns to the important points on the road in order to ensure the safety of the road. Since most of the Silk Road passed through the area of Turkestan, it was the Turks who controlled the Silk Road from the beginning until the 19th century. The Turks have made countless struggles among themselves or with different states to maintain their dominance on the road. For the reason that China’s biggest source is linked to silk, the longest struggles have been the ones between China and the Turks in almost every period of history. The most important trade center on the Silk Road was East Turkestan. Therefore, the strongest battles have been carried out by the aim of seizing or retaining East Turkestan. China dominated East Turkestan, the homeland of Uighur Turks today in history, at the end of the 19th century. Nowadays, China wants to have a say in world trade by reviving the historical Silk Road. China applies the policy of total extermination of the Turks and their ccultures from East Turkestan located at the crossroads of the Silk Road, which is the homeland of the Turks and the main geography of Turkish-Islamic civilization, because of the fear that it might lose its dominance over the region in time. The Silk Road, which has provided significant economic and commercial gains to the Turks for nearly 2000 years, has been recently seriously threatening the existence of the Uighur Turks in the region because of the new Silk Road project of China. In this article, the role of Uighur Turks in the context of historical Silk Road and new Silk Road project is discussed in the light of historical information and documents.
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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