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Dünyanın birçok ülkesinde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de özellikle son 15-20 yıldır görülme sıklığı giderek artan sel ve taşkın olayları hem can hem de mal kaybına neden olmaktadır. Son yıllarda etkilerini daha çok hissettiğimiz doğal afetler her ne kadar fiziki faktör olan iklim, jeomorfolojik özellikler, bitki örtüsü vb. ile yakından ilgili olsa bile bir o kadar da artan nüfus, plansız şehirleşme, akarsu havzalarındaki ekonomik ve beşeri faaliyetler ile de doğrudan ilişkilidir. Özellikle sel ve taşkın gibi meteorolojik kökenli afetlerin son zamanlarda değişen iklim şartları ile yıkıcı etkisinin daha çok olduğu ve bu afetlerin daha sıklıkla meydana geldiğini söylemek de mümkündür. Ülkemizde özellikle Karadeniz kıyı kuşağında ani yağışların ardından oluşan seller kıyı kentlerini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu gibi durumlar göz önüne alındığında ve ülkemizde taşkınların en fazla Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde meydana geldiği düşünülürse taşkın risk analizlerinin yapılması ve sonuçlarının ilgili birimlerle paylaşılması bir zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada Ünye ilçe sınırları içinde kalan altı (6) adet havzanın taşkın risk analizi Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri tekniklerinden yararlanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yine taşkın risk analizleri için örnek bir taşkın modeli oluşturulmuş ve bu model sayesinde olası bir taşkın anında risk teşkil edebilecek bölgelerin belirlenmesi sağlanmıştır. Böylece afet öncesi, afet sırasında ve sonrasında neler yapılabileceği üzerinde durulan bir model geliştirilmiştir. Taşkın risk analizinin yapıldığı bu çalışmada Çok Kriterli Karar Verme yönteminin bir metodu olan ve taşkın risk gruplarının belirlenmesi için eğim, bakı, toprak, arazi kullanımı, jeoloji, yağış ve yükseklik olmak üzere yedi (7) parametreden oluşan Analitik Hiyerarşi Yöntemi (AHP) kullanılmıştır. Bu verilerle sadece bilgisayara bağlı kalmadan, doğal ortamdaki bileşenleri de hesaba katmak için arazi çalışmaları yapılmış, yerinde gözlemlerde bulunulmuş, örnek konumsal noktalar seçilmiş ve kontrollü sınıflandırma yapılmıştır. Böylece arazi çalışmaları ile elde edilen bulgular coğrafya çalışmaları için önemli bir araç olan Coğrafi Bilgi Teknolojileri ile işlenmiştir. Sonuçta bütüncül bir taşkın erken uyarı sistemi modeli hedeflenmiştir.
As in many countries of the world, in our country, especially in the last 15-20 years, the frequency of increasing floods and storms causes both lives and property losses. Natural disasters we have felt more of their effects in recent years although the physical factor is climate, geomorphological characteristics, plant cover, etc. Even if it is closely related to a so much growing population, unplanned urbanization, is also directly related to economic and human activities in the flow pool. It is also possible to say that meteorological disasters such as floods and storms have more devastating effects with recently changing climate conditions and that these disasters occur more frequently. In our country, especially in the Black Sea coastal square, the seals that occur after sudden rains have a negative impact on coastal cities. Having these circumstances taken into account, and considering that the majority of troubles occur in our country in the Black Sea Region, the conduct of the risk analysis of the troubles and the sharing of their results with the relevant units has become an obligation. In this study, the risk analysis of the six (6) swimming pools remaining within the Unnye district borders was carried out using the Geographic Information Systems techniques. Again, an example of a model of straw has been created for straw risk analysis and this model has provided the identification of the areas that could present an immediate risk of a possible straw. So a model is developed that focuses on what can be done before, during and after a catastrophe. In this study, where the risk analysis was carried out, a method of the Multi-Critical Decisioning Method was used by the Analytical Hierarchy Method (AHP) consisting of seven (7) parameters, including inclination, maintenance, soil, land use, geology, rainfall and height, to determine the risk groups of the risk. With these data, land studies have been carried out to take into account the components in the natural environment, not only by the computer, but also in place observations have been carried out, sample locational points have been selected and controlled classification. Thus, the findings obtained by land studies have been processed with Geographic Information Technologies, which is an important tool for geographical studies. After all, a comprehensive model of early warning system is targeted.
As in many other countries of the world, the flood incidents which have been increasing in our country especially in the last 15-20 years cause loss of both life and property. In recent years, natural disasters, whose effects are more felt, are the physical factors such as climate, geomorphological features, vegetation and so on. Although it is closely related with the increasing population, unplanned urbanization, the economic and human activities in the river basins are also directly related. It is possible to say that especially disasters of meteorological origin such as floods have more destructive effects with changing climate conditions and these disasters occur more frequently. In our country, floods that occur after sudden rains especially in the Black Sea coastal belt adversely affect coastal cities. Considering such situations and considering that most of the floods occur in our country in the Black Sea Region, it has become a necessity to carry out flood risk analysis and to share the results with the relevant units. In this study, flood risk analysis of six (6) basins within the borders of Ünye district were carried out by using Geographical Information Systems techniques. Again, a flood model was created for flood risk analysis and it was provided to identify the areas that could pose risks in case of a flood. Thus, a model that focuses on what can be done before, during and after a disaster has been developed. In this study in which flood risk analysis is performed, Analytical Hierarchy Method (AHP) which is a method of Multi Criteria Decision Making method which consists of seven (7) parameters including slope, aspect, soil, land use, geology, precipitation and height is used for determination of flood risk groups. With these data, field studies were conducted to take into account the components in the natural environment without being connected to the computer, observations were made on site, sample positional points were selected and controlled classification was made. Thus, the findings obtained through field studies were processed with information technologies, an important tool for geography studies. As a result, an integrated flood early warning system model is targeted.
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