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Bu çalışmada Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti zamanında kervansarayların kale ve savunma yapısı olarak kullanılışı ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın ilk kısmında vakayinamelerde geçen şekliyle kervansarayların siyasi mücadelelerde savunma yapısı olarak kullanıldığı olaylar incelenmiştir. İkinci kısımda ise kervansarayların kalelerle olan yapısal benzerlikleri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Türkiye Selçuklu devri kervansaraylarının konaklama, koruma, kale ve savunma yapısı olarak hizmet etmiş yapılar olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Kervansarayların savunma yapısı olarak kullanılmasının Moğol istilasından sonra arttığı görülmüştür. Türkiye Selçukluları zamanında Kervansarayların kale gibi önemli bir savunma yapısı olarak kullanılmıştır. Bununla ilgili en önemli olay Alaiye Kervansarayı’nın iki ay boyunca 20 bin Moğol süvarisi tarafından kuşatılmasına rağmen alınamamasıdır. Kuşatmanın mancınıklar ve zırh delen oklar yardımıyla yapılmasına rağmen Alaiye Kervansarayı’nın düşmemesi ve düşmana teslim olmaması çok mühim bir hadisedir. Bu denli fazla sayıda asker ve kuşatma silahına rağmen adı geçen kervansarayın alınamamasının en önemli sebebi kalın ve yüksek duvarlara sahip olmasıdır. Ayrıca bu yapının geniş ve büyük iç hacmi insanların barınması ve yiyecek depolamaları için fırsat tanımıştır. Türkiye Selçuklu kervansarayları; sur gibi kalın yüksek duvarları, mazgalları, payanda ve burçları, dendanlı yapıları, çatıya çıkan merdivenleri ve büyük kapıları ile kalelere benzemektedir. Bu abidevi eserlerin tam bir kale özelliği gösterdiği söylenemezse de kalın yüksek duvarları ile tam bir korunma yapısı olduğu kesindir. Kervansaraylar Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti’nin yükseliş devrinde daha mükemmel ve daha büyük hale getirilmiştir.
In this study, the use of the Kervansaray as a castle and defense structure in the time of the Turkish Selçuklu State was discussed. In the first part of the study, the incidents were studied in the way that the Kervansaray used as a defense structure in political struggles. In the second part, it was attempted to reveal the structural similarities of the Kervansaray with the castles. Turkey Selçuklu devri kervansaray are structures that served as accommodation, protection, castle and defense structure. The use of Kervansaray as a defense structure has increased after the Mongol invasion. The Turkish Selchucks were used as an important defense structure as the Kervansaray's castle. The most important incident in this regard is that the Alaiye Kervansarayı was not taken, despite being surrounded by 20,000 Mongolians for two months. Although the circumference is done with the help of arms and arms, it is a very important event that the Alaiye Kervansarayı does not fall and does not surrender to the enemy. Despite such a lot of soldiers and armor, the main reason why the name of the Kervansaray cannot be taken is that it has thick and high walls. The large and large volume of this structure has also identified the opportunity for people to accommodate and store food. Turkey Selçuklu kervansarayas; thick high walls like the walls, slopes, payanda and burts, dandaned structures, stairs out of the roof and large doors are similar to castles with thick high walls. It cannot be said that these abidevian works show a full castle character, but it is certain that they have a full preservative structure with thick high walls. Kervansaray Turkey has become more perfect and greater in the ascension period of the Selçuklu State.
In this study, the usage of caravanserais as fortress and defense structures during Turkey Seljuk State has been discussed. In the first part of the study, the events in which caravanserais were used as defense structures in political struggles were examined, as mentioned in the case of chronicles. In the second part, the structural similarities of caravanserais with fortresses were tried to be revealed. It has been understood that caravanserais were served as structures for accommodation, protection and as fortress and defense mechanism during Turkey Seljuk era. It has been observed that the use of caravanserais as defense structures increased after the Mongolian invasion. During the era of Turkey Seljuks, caravanserais were used as important defense structures as fortresses. The most important event related to this fact is that Alaiye Caravanserai could not be conquered despite being surrounded by 20 thousand Mongolian cavalry for two months. Although the siege was realized with the help of catapult, armor piercing arrows, it is a very important case that Alaiye Caravanserai did not fall and did not surrender to the enemy. Despite of such a large number of soldiers and siege weapons, the main reason why the mentioned caravanserai could not be taken was its thick and high walls. In addition, the large and wide internal volume of this building has provided an opportunity for accommodation of people and storage of food. Turkey Seljuk caravanserais; resemble to fortresses with their thick high walls like ramparts, crenel, buttresses and bastions, dentilled structures, stairs to the roof and big doors. Although it cannot be said that these monumental structures present a full fortress feature, it is certain that they are a full protection structure with their thick high walls. Caravanserais have been built bigger and more perfect during the rise of the Turkey Seljuk State.
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