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Deprem, yer kabuğunun derin katmanlarının kırılıp yer değiştirmesi veya yanardağların püskürmesi durumunda oluşan yer sarsıntısıdır. Depremler genel olarak tektonik, volkanik ve çöküntü olmak üzere üçe ayrılırlar. Türkiye de dâhil bu depremler içinde en yaygını olan tektonik depremlerdir. Anadolu coğrafyası en aktif deprem kuşağı olarak bilinen Alp- Himalaya deprem kuşağında bulunduğu için deprem riski en fazla taşıyan ülkeler arasında gelmektedir. Anadolu coğrafyasında bugüne kadar üç önemli fay hattı tespit edilmiştir. Bunlar Kuzey Anadolu Fay Hattı, Doğu Anadolu Fay Hattı ve Muğla Vilayetinin de içinde olduğu Batı Anadolu Fay Hattı’dır. 1631-1632 yıllarında Muğla- Milas’da yaşanan deprem, bölgenin Türk egemenliğine geçtikten sonra bilinen en eski depremidir. Bu çalışmada Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde Muğla Vilayeti’nde görülen depremler üç dönemde incelenmiştir. Bunlardan birincisi; 1923-1933 yılları arasında yaşanan depremlerdir. Bu dönemde ilk olarak 1926 yılında az hasarlı bir deprem olayı yaşanmıştır. Daha sonra ise 23 Nisan 1933’den 4 Mayıs 1933 tarihine kadar Muğla-Merkez ile Datça ve Bodrum ilçelerinde fasılalarla 5 deprem yaşanmıştır. Bu depremlerde özellikle Datça İlçesi’nin köyleri ile Yunanistan’ın İstanköy Adası oldukça fazla mal ve can kaybına uğramıştır Bunun üzerine de Türkiye Ege Adalarındaki depremzedelere yardım elini uzatmıştır. Bunlardan ikincisi; 1940-1948 yılları arası görülen depremlerdir. Bu dönemde Muğla-Merkez, Bodrum ve Datça ilçelerinde fasılalarla 13 deprem görülmüştür Bu depremlerde özellikle Muğla- Merkez İlçe’de birçok köyde mal ve can kaybı olmuştur. Bu depremzedelere Kızılay Genel Merkezi’nden yiyecek, içecek ve giyim yardımı ve İcra Vekilleri Heyeti kararıyla da kereste yardımı yapılmıştır. Bunlardan üçüncüsü; 1957-1960 yılları arası görülen depremlerdir. Bu dönemdeki en önemli deprem merkez üssü Fethiye İlçesi olan ve Köyceğiz, Marmaris ve Muğla- Merkez ilçelerinde de hissedilen 1957 depremidir. Bu depremde Fethiye’de 67 kişi ölmüştür. Deprem sonrası dönemin Cumhurbaşkanı ve Başbakanı Muğla-Merkez, Marmaris ve Fethiye ilçelerini ziyaret ederek devletin depremzedelerin yanında olduğunu göstermişlerdir. Ayrıca depremden sonra bölgede yapılan enkaz kaldırma çalışmaları, yapılan yardımlar ve 7010 sayılı depremzedelere yardım konusunu içeren kanun çerçevesinde imar çalışmaları ortaya konmuştur. 1923-1960 yılları arası Muğla Vilayeti’nde yaşanan depremler ve 1999 Gölcük Depremi bölge halkının deprem bilincini artırarak, geleceğe hazırlıklı olmasında yol gösterici olmuştur.
The earthquake is the earthquake that occurs when the deep layers of the earth's skin are broken and shifted or when the volcanoes spread. Earthquakes are generally divided into three: tectonic, volcanic and collapse. The tectonic earthquakes are the most common among these earthquakes. The Anatolian geography is known as the most active earthquake generation in the Alps-Himalayan earthquake generation, which is among the countries with the highest risk of earthquake. There have been three major figh lines found in the Anatolian geography so far. These are the North Anadolu Fay Line, the East Anadolu Fay Line and the West Anadolu Fay Line, which is also within the province of Muğla. The earthquake in Muğla-Milas in 1631-1632 was the oldest earthquake known after the region passed to the Turkish sovereignty. In this study, the earthquakes seen in the Muğla province during the Republic Period have been examined in three periods. The first of these were the earthquakes between 1923 and 1933. This was the first time that a small earthquake occurred in 1926. Later, from 23 April 1933 to 4 May 1933, there were 5 earthquakes in the districts of Muğla-Merkez and Datça and Bodrum. In these earthquakes, especially the villages of the Datça district and the island of Istanköy in Greece have suffered quite a lot of property and life losses, and Turkey has extended its help to the earthquakes in the Egean Islands. The second of these were the earthquakes between 1940 and 1948. During this period, 13 earthquakes have been seen in the districts of Muğla-Central, Bodrum and Datça, and 13 earthquakes have been seen in the districts of Muğla-Central, especially in many villages of Muğla-Central. These earthquakes have also been supported by food, beverage and clothing from the Reday General Center and by the decision of the Executive Board of Deputies. The third of these were the earthquakes between 1957 and 1960. The most important earthquake in this period is the 1957 earthquake that was felt in the districts of Fethiye and Köyceğiz, Marmaris and Muğla-Central. The earthquake killed 67 people in Fethiye. After the earthquake, the President and Prime Minister of the period visiting the districts of Muğla-Central, Marmaris and Fethiye showed that the state is next to the earthquakes. Also, after the earthquake, the waste removal work in the area, the aid and the construction work in the framework of the law, which includes the issue of aid to earthquakes number 7010. The earthquakes that occurred in the province of Muğla between 1923 and 1960 and the 1999 Gölcük earthquake have led the people of the region to be prepared for the future, increasing the consciousness of the earthquake.
An Earthquake is the shaking of the ground that results from the breaking of the deep layers of Earth’s lithosphere or from the eruptions of volcanos. They are divided into three categories as tectonic, volcanic and collopsed. The most widespread among these, including Turkey, is tectonic earthquakes. Turkey has been the site of high- risk countries as it is in the sphere of Alpine- Himalayan orogenic belt which is known as the most active one. Within the geography of Anatolian so far three rectonic plates have been determined; North Anatolian, East Anatolian and West Anatolian fault zones which include the Province of Muğla. The Earthquake which occuued in the years of 1631- 1632 in Milas is the most ancient one, after the region came under the Turkish rule. In this study, the earthquake seen in the Province of Muğla can be examined in three periodss. The first of them is the ones happened between 1923-1933. In this period there occurred first earthquake in 1926, giving rise to little damage. Then between 23 April 1933 and 4 May 1933 Muğla centre and the districts of Datça and Bodrum experienced earthquake swarms numbered as 5. As a result of these earthquakes especially the villages of Datça and the Island of Cos in Greece suffered great damages and casuelties. Upon these developments,Turkey contributed to the earthquake victims in the Aegean İslands. The second of these is the ones occurred between 1940- 1948. During this period, Muğla centre, Bodrum and Datça districts experienced 13 earthquakes of intervals. As a result of these earthquakes many villages of Muğla centre have been inflicted with the loss of properties and lives. The red crescent provided the earthquake victims with food, drinks and clothes and they also obtained timber by the decision of the rebresentatives of Exacutive Committe. The third of these happened between the years of 1957- 1960. The most serious earthquake during this period is the one of the years of 1957 whose center was the district of Fethiye and also felt in Köyceğiz, Marmaris as well as Muğla centre. 67 people died in Fethiye in this earthquake. After the earthquake The President and The Primeminister of the Rebuplic visited Muğla Center, Marmaris, Köyceğiz and Fethiye districts and showed the solidarity of the state with them. Moreover, the ececutive orders of restoration Works, as state in the enactment of number 7010 of Earthquake Victimms, were conducted and both wreck removals and the contributions were also made to the earthquake victims. The measures which were taken as a result of the earthquakes occured in Muğla Province between 1923-1960 and the Gölcük Earthquake of 1999 enable people to increase the consciousners of earthquake to a great depree and so make preperations for the future.
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