Özet:

The availability of genome sequences for plants and advances in genome editing technology have increased breeding possibilities for almost all kinds of desired traits. Advances in genome editing technologies such as ZFN (Zinc Finger Nucleas) and TALEN (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nuclease) have made it possible to edit any gene of interest at the molecular level. On the contrary, the CRISPR / Cas9 genome editing method includes simple design and easy cloning methods. With different guide RNAs targeting more than one region in the Cas9 genome, multiple different gene regions can be intervened. Several different modified Cas9 cassettes are used in the CRISPR-Cas9 module to improve target specificity and reduce off-target cleavage. In addition, the availability of Cas9 enzymes from different bacterial species offers new options to increase the specificity and efficiency of gene editing methods. This study summarizes the current situation for plant breeding at the molecular level using the genome editing tools of plant breeders based on CRISPR / Cas9 and presents studies using CRISPR / Cas9 to increase biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.

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