Abstract:

The mosque is a significant and essential form of architecture in Islamic civilization. One of the earliest Islamic places of worship is Masjid al-Nabawi, constructed during the era of the Prophet Muhammad (saw). It was a pioneering prototype in both design and function, establishing the benchmark for subsequent mosques and social complexes. Through conquering and interacting with diverse cultures, all with their individual deep-rooted traditions, Muslims were able to access the abundant architectural and artistic heritage of these societies. This cross-cultural interchange resulted in the establishment of diverse mosque typologies across the Islamic world. The specific architectural style, featuring a dome situated in front of the mihrab and adorned with iwans (vaulted halls), along with a central courtyard, as evidenced in the Masjid al-Jameh of Isfahan and the Grand Mosque of Malatya, became a notable example of Islamic architecture during the Great Seljuk Period. Given the unique architectural style in the Turkish-Islamic heritage, this study primarily centers on Masjid al-Jameh, a masterpiece of the Great Seljuk Period located in Iran. It subsequently shifts its focus to Anatolia, which is exemplified by the Grand Mosque of Malatya. Finally, from a different perspective, it has been assessed that the influence of the Great Seljuk architectural tradition on Anatolia was not limited to the Grand Mosque of Malatya.

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